Mohammed Bouyeri (Arabic: محمد بويري Muḥammad Būyiri; born 8 March 1978) is a Moroccan-Dutch citizen serving a life sentence without parole at the Nieuw Vosseveld prison for the 2004 murder of Dutch film director Theo van Gogh. A member of the Hofstad Network, he was incarcerated in 2004 and sentenced in 2005.

Bouyeri was born 8 March 1978 in Amsterdam-Oost, the Netherlands, a second-generation Moroccan-Dutchman of Berber origin. At the age of 7, he moved to Slotervaart/Overtoomse Veld. He was considered to be a promising student; completed his higher secondary education at the Mondriaan Lyceum. He was a havo student, while many Moroccan youth in the Netherlands would only advance to lower vmbo education, including most of Bouyeri's class. A former teacher later described him as "timid and observant", determined to get his diploma.

He was one of a few local Moroccan boys who got on well with the local police, who otherwise had very negative contact with the Muslim community. In 1994, a local youth center was torn down and replaced with a center for migrants, which Bouyeri and others in the community resented as it serviced adults rather than young people.

In 1997, he began university at the Inholland Hogeschool of Applied Sciences in Diemen. He spent five years studying at the school, being involved in various courses, but finished none of them. He switched majors repeatedly, from accounting to business information technology, but did not put in much effort. In the Netherlands in the 1990s, foreign origin students faced higher than usual dropout rates at universities, contributed to by cultural adjustment problems and educational disadvantages they may face.

In summer 2000, Bouyeri, alongside some other men, stormed the school's cafe and began a fight with the other patrons, deliberately attacking the Dutch people present. The cafe was disliked by the Muslim students of the school, who viewed it as excluding them. In 2001 Bouyeri got into a fight with a man who was dating one of his sisters. When the police arrived, Bouyeri was found to be holding a knife. Bouyeri attempted to stab one of the responding officers, before throwing the knife at their head. Bouyeri was sentenced to prison, which he served in a detention center in Almere, and was released towards the end of 2001.

After his release from prison Bouyeri attempted to be a productive member of society. Around the time of his release, his mother died and the September 11 attacks occurred. During 2002 Bouyeri started a course in social teaching assistance at the Amsterdam Hogeschool of Applied Sciences, and started working at the Eigenwijks, a community center in Slotervaart/Overtoomse Veld. Bouyeri campaigned for the opening of a youth center in the secondary school, but this plan was rejected by the authorities. He began to believe that Dutch society and its institutions were anti-Moroccan.

After his mother died in 2002 and his father remarried in 2003, he started to live according to strict interpretations of Sunni Islamic Sharia law. At university, he changed his major several times and left after five years without obtaining a degree. Bouyeri used the pen name "Abu Zubair" for writing and translating, under which he wrote radical texts. He often posted letters online and sent emails under this name.

In the spring of 2002, he moved out of his parents' house to a small apartment in Slotermeer; after this, he became increasingly active online. He would produce pamphlets containing antisemitic and anti-Dutch content. Additionally, due to his strict adherence to Sharia, he could perform fewer and fewer tasks at Eigenwijks. For example, he refused to serve alcoholic beverages and did not want to be present at activities attended by both women and men. Finally, he put an end to his activities at Eigenwijks altogether. He grew a beard and began to wear a djellaba. He frequently visited the El Tawheed Mosque where he met other radical Sunnis, among whom was the suspected terrorist Samir Azzouz. He was part of the Hofstad Network.