Monique Marie Ryan (born 20 January 1967) is an Australian politician and former paediatric neurologist. She is currently the independent Member of Parliament for the Division of Kooyong, Victoria, having won the seat at the 2022 federal election and retaining it in 2025.

Ryan completed her medical qualifications in Melbourne and Sydney, and Boston, Massachusetts, United States. She became director of neurology at Melbourne's Royal Children's Hospital in 2014. During her medical career, Ryan has published more than 150 peer-reviewed publications and supervised several clinical trials for neurological diseases.

In the 2022 federal election, Ryan became an independent candidate for the Division of Kooyong; Climate 200 and a number of individual donors supported her. Ryan's campaign heavily focused on climate change, anti-corruption, and the Government of Australia's management of the COVID-19 pandemic. Ryan has been classified by the media as being a Teal independent. The campaigns of Ryan and her main opponent, incumbent Liberal member Josh Frydenberg, were estimated to have spent over A$2 million each. Ryan's campaign featured significant community involvement, with more than 1,500 volunteers canvassing the electorate and 2,000 individual donors. Ryan won Kooyong at the 2022 federal election with 52.9% of the after-preferences vote, and retained the seat at the 2025 federal election with a swing against her.

Since entering parliament, Ryan has advocated for a range of issues, and proposed a private member's bill to improve integrity in government. She has been particularly vocal on issues of climate change, health, and anti-corruption policy. Ryan has also been prominent in calling for reforms in the HECS system, and created a petition on the issue that gained more than 260,000 signatures. Her proposed changes were adopted by the Albanese government in May 2024.

Monique Marie Ryan was born in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, on 20 January 1967. She has a twin sister and is one of seven children born to Maurice and Marguerite Ryan. Her father was a telecommunications executive and her mother was a charity worker who served as CEO of the Christian Brothers Foundation, and founded Women for Women in Africa, a charity supporting the Kibera slum in Kenya.

Ryan grew up in the Melbourne suburbs Caulfield North, Toorak and Hawthorn. She attended Loreto Mandeville Hall, Toorak, graduating as dux in 1984.

Ryan studied medicine at the University of Melbourne and graduated in 1991. She then underwent paediatric training in Sydney and completed a neurology residency at the Children's Hospital Boston in Massachusetts, United States, and also completed a neurophysiology fellowship at the Lahey Clinic in the same US state. In 2015, she became director of neurology at the Royal Children's Hospital (RCH), Melbourne, where she supervised 45 people and had a research budget of A$3.5 million, and was appointed as head of the RCH's neuromuscular clinic and neuromuscular research unit.

Ryan has over 150 peer-reviewed publications and has overseen a number of clinical trials for neuromuscular diseases, including ones for Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease, Duchenne muscular dystrophy and spinal muscular atrophy. Her publications have over 10,000 citations and she has an H-index of 50, which is a measure of the impact of her research. She was joint editor of the textbook Neuromuscular Disorders of Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence: A clinician's approach (2014).