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Mossos d'Esquadra
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Mossos d'Esquadra
The Mossos d'Esquadra (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈmosuz ðəsˈkwaðɾə]; English: Squad Lads, officially known as Policia de la Generalitat-Mossos d'Esquadra and informally as Mossos) is the autonomous police force of Catalonia.
It is currently the main law enforcement agency and security force in Catalonia, with about 19,000 officers. Since 2008, the Mossos have largely replaced the duties of the Spanish National Police and Civil Guard. The force operates under the authority of the Ministry of Home Affairs and Public Safety of the Government of Catalonia.
The Esquadras de Paisans Armats, later known as the Esquadres de Catalunya, (and informally known as the Mossos d'Esquadra), were men-at-arms who had fought as irregulars in the War of the Spanish Succession, and were brought together by the mayor of the town of Valls near Tarragona between 1719 and 1721. The corps was constituted as a militia to provide security to trade routes and fairs. It was created as a complement to the regular troops of the Bourbon army, which opposed the Miquelets, who survived as rebel supporters of Archduke Charles.
The Mossos was manned by local people, who had to speak Catalan and be familiar with local paths, caves, and hiding places. It was eventually placed under military jurisdiction, but was less centralised than the Spanish police force (then known as the Intendencia General de Policía) formed in 1817, or the yet-to-be-established Guardia Civil. Throughout the centuries, control of the Mossos passed back and forth several times from Catalan authority to Spanish military command.
The Mossos were dissolved in 1868 by General Prim after the fall of Queen Isabella II of Spain, since the Mossos had always been royalists. They were reinstated in 1876 under the reign of Isabella's son king Alfonso XII of Spain, but only in the province of Barcelona. Under his son Alfonso XIII of Spain, the Mossos were not well regarded in Catalonia, especially by the Commonwealth of Catalonia, who paid them but had no control over them.
The Mossos flourished under Primo de Rivera's dictatorship; despite this, when the Second Spanish Republic was proclaimed, the Mossos sided with the Generalitat de Catalunya (the government of Catalonia). After the Spanish Civil War, the last Mossos left Catalonia with the President of the Generalitat, and the corps was dissolved by the Francoist authorities.
On 21 July 1950 the Francoist-controlled Provincial Deputation of Barcelona was authorised to create a small security force using part of the historical title, "Secció de Mossos d'Esquadra". This new force was a small militarized corps with limited powers, in charge of protecting the government buildings of the Province of Barcelona.
With the return of democracy to Spain, in 1980, the force started to grow in numbers and transferred under the authority of the Generalitat de Catalunya. It was also assigned the duties of protection of its official buildings and authorities.
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Mossos d'Esquadra
The Mossos d'Esquadra (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈmosuz ðəsˈkwaðɾə]; English: Squad Lads, officially known as Policia de la Generalitat-Mossos d'Esquadra and informally as Mossos) is the autonomous police force of Catalonia.
It is currently the main law enforcement agency and security force in Catalonia, with about 19,000 officers. Since 2008, the Mossos have largely replaced the duties of the Spanish National Police and Civil Guard. The force operates under the authority of the Ministry of Home Affairs and Public Safety of the Government of Catalonia.
The Esquadras de Paisans Armats, later known as the Esquadres de Catalunya, (and informally known as the Mossos d'Esquadra), were men-at-arms who had fought as irregulars in the War of the Spanish Succession, and were brought together by the mayor of the town of Valls near Tarragona between 1719 and 1721. The corps was constituted as a militia to provide security to trade routes and fairs. It was created as a complement to the regular troops of the Bourbon army, which opposed the Miquelets, who survived as rebel supporters of Archduke Charles.
The Mossos was manned by local people, who had to speak Catalan and be familiar with local paths, caves, and hiding places. It was eventually placed under military jurisdiction, but was less centralised than the Spanish police force (then known as the Intendencia General de Policía) formed in 1817, or the yet-to-be-established Guardia Civil. Throughout the centuries, control of the Mossos passed back and forth several times from Catalan authority to Spanish military command.
The Mossos were dissolved in 1868 by General Prim after the fall of Queen Isabella II of Spain, since the Mossos had always been royalists. They were reinstated in 1876 under the reign of Isabella's son king Alfonso XII of Spain, but only in the province of Barcelona. Under his son Alfonso XIII of Spain, the Mossos were not well regarded in Catalonia, especially by the Commonwealth of Catalonia, who paid them but had no control over them.
The Mossos flourished under Primo de Rivera's dictatorship; despite this, when the Second Spanish Republic was proclaimed, the Mossos sided with the Generalitat de Catalunya (the government of Catalonia). After the Spanish Civil War, the last Mossos left Catalonia with the President of the Generalitat, and the corps was dissolved by the Francoist authorities.
On 21 July 1950 the Francoist-controlled Provincial Deputation of Barcelona was authorised to create a small security force using part of the historical title, "Secció de Mossos d'Esquadra". This new force was a small militarized corps with limited powers, in charge of protecting the government buildings of the Province of Barcelona.
With the return of democracy to Spain, in 1980, the force started to grow in numbers and transferred under the authority of the Generalitat de Catalunya. It was also assigned the duties of protection of its official buildings and authorities.
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