Murray Gerstenhaber (June 5, 1927 – February 21, 2024) was an American mathematician, physicist, and lawyer. He was a professor of mathematics at the University of Pennsylvania, best known for his contributions to theoretical physics with his discovery of Gerstenhaber algebra. He was also a lecturer in law at the University of Pennsylvania Law School.

Murray Gerstenhaber was born in Brooklyn, New York, to Jewish immigrants Pauline (née Rosenzweig; who was born in Romania; died in 1978) and Joseph Gerstenhaber (who was born in 1892 in Romania; died in 1975). His father was trained as a jeweler, "but being unable to find work in this line he [took] employment in a factory making airplane precision instruments”. As to his mother, in 2015 he noted:

"For someone born into a minority family without means, I have been exceedingly lucky. The problems faced by talented but disadvantaged children today are preventing many who could be important contributors to the sciences, arts, and society in general, from achieving their potential. They don’t all have mothers like mine, who fought to find a path to education for her child. We have to seek them out but are not doing enough to find them, bring them out of isolation, and give them the opportunities I was so fortunate to have enjoyed."

Gerstenhaber was a child prodigy who was profiled in Leta Hollingworth's book Children Above 180 IQ (1942). In this book, Gerstenhaber was dubbed "Child L," and his prodigious abilities and personality traits were described in great detail. At age 9 years 5 months, a Stanford-Binet test showed him to have a mental age of between 17 and 18 and an IQ between 195 and 198. A second revised Stanford-Binet given a year later found him to have a mental age of 19 years 11 months and an IQ of 199+.

Gerstenhaber attended the now-defunct Speyer School, a school for rapid learners in New York City. Many years later, his daughter-in-law co-founded Speyer Legacy School, naming the new school after the original. After graduating from Speyer School, Gerstenhaber entered the Bronx High School of Science in 1940. From 1945 to 1947 he served in the infantry in the United States Army as a corporal assigned to the Office of Military Government for Germany.

Gerstenhaber finished his B.S. in mathematics at Yale University (1948). At Yale, he participated in the William Lowell Putnam Mathematical Competition and was on the team representing Yale University (along with Murray Gell-Mann and Henry O. Pollak) that won the second prize in 1947; each of them received a monetary prize of $30 ($430 in current dollar terms). His 1948 participation in the competition earned him a Top 10 ranking.

Gerstenhaber earned an M.A. and a Ph.D. (1951) in mathematics from the University of Chicago, under the instruction of Abraham Adrian Albert. Gerstenhaber's dissertation was entitled Rings of Derivations.

Gerstenhaber earned a J.D. from the University of Pennsylvania Law School in 1973, and was admitted to the Pennsylvania bar in 1974.^{[citation needed]}