Mwenga Territory is a territory in the province of South Kivu in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Established on 15 August 1949 during the Belgian colonial period, it was formed through the partition of Shabunda Territory (Wamuzimu Chiefdom), subdivisions of Kabare Territory (including the chiefdoms of Luhwindja, Burhinyi, and Lwindi), and a portion of Fizi Territory (Itombwe sector). The territory covers an area of 11,172 square kilometers and had an estimated population of 843,636 in 2019. It is bounded to the north by Walungu Territory, following the course of the Ulindi River and its confluence with Kadubo within Luhwindja Chiefdom. To the south, it shares boundaries with Fizi Territory along the limits of the Itombwe sector. On the eastern side, Mwenga Territory meets Uvira Territory near the highlands of Lake Lungwe and the upper Elila River, while to the west it borders Shabunda Territory.

The territory's economy is primarily based on subsistence agriculture, small livestock rearing, and artisanal gold mining. Administratively, Mwenga Territory is subdivided into five chiefdoms and one sector. Its population is ethnically diverse, including Lega, Nyindu, Bembe, Fuliiru, Vira, Shi, and Banyamulenge. Languages commonly spoken are Kilega, Swahili, Kinyindu, and Kibembe, while the major religions practiced include Catholicism, Protestantism, Islam, and Kimbanguism.

Mwenga Territory ranges in elevation from 620 meters at its lowest point in Wamuzimu Chiefdom to 2,602 meters at Miki in the Itombwe Sector. The territory contains four distinct climatic zones: a humid tropical climate in Lwindi, Basile, and parts of Wamuzimu; a hot climate in southern Wamuzimu around Kitutu; a temperate climate in the savannas of Itombwe; and colder conditions in Burhinyi, Luhwinja, and portions of Itombwe. Two main seasons dominate the year—a rainy season from mid-September to mid-May, punctuated by a brief dry spell between February and May lasting 7 to 15 days, and a dry season extending from June to August. Average temperatures throughout the year vary between 18°C and 25°C.

Mwenga Territory is crossed by two major tributaries of the Congo River, namely the Ulindi River in Lwindi Chiefdom and the Elila River in Wamuzimu Chiefdom. These rivers irrigate fertile valleys and are fed by numerous tributaries, among them Bilahile, Lulumunyu, Mamunguzi, Kakanga, Tulambo, Zalya, Lusia, Mwana, Kabilombo, Kilungutwe, Kibe, Lubalya, and Zizi.

Regarding the main inland watercourses:

Source: Annual report of the Territorial Administration, 1995.

The vegetation of the territory is dominated by savanna, particularly in Burhinyi and Luhwinja, though patches of forest are found in the Itombwe sector, within which lies the Itombwe Nature Reserve. Dense forests extend over parts of Itombwe, Lwindi, Basile, and Wamuzimu.

The soils are generally fertile, with the notable exception of the more arid soils of Luhwinja. Three principal soil types can be distinguished. Sandy-clay soils, which are loose, well-aerated, and rich in humus, dominate Wamuzimu Chiefdom. Sandy-argillaceous soils, characterized by their compact structure and mineral richness, are commonly found along rivers and in areas such as Kamituga, Mozozo, and Kitutu. Clay-lime soils, compact and elastic in texture, are less widespread but occur in Kamituga and in other parts of the territory.