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Naming customs of Hispanic America
The naming customs of Hispanic America are similar to the Spanish naming customs practiced in Spain, with some modifications to the surname rules. Many Hispanophones in the countries of Spanish-speaking America have two given names, plus like in Spain, a paternal surname (primer apellido or apellido paterno) and a maternal surname (segundo apellido or apellido materno).
In the colonial period and nineteenth century, it was common to have between one and three given names followed by a second name with a de 'from' in front. For example, consider Saint Teresa de Los Andes whose birth name is Juana Enriqueta Josefina de los Sagrados Corazones Fernández del Solar. "Juana", "Enriqueta" and "Josefina" are her first names, followed by the second name "de los Sagrados Corazones". Her paternal surname is "Fernández" and her maternal surname is "del Solar".
Another form of second name can be preceded by a de particle, which can be varied to del or de los. Examples are "José del Pilar", "Rosa del Carmen", "Fidelina de las Mercedes". These second names are only used in formal occasions, and in many cases only registered in the birth, marriage and death certificates.
Children who are not recognized by their father or to be raised separately have been legally treated in two ways, changing from time to time according to the civil registration norms. One way is to be registered with only a first surname that is the mother's surname.
Generally speaking, Argentine family names usually consist of a single, paternal surname. However, due to the large number of people of Spanish descent, with identical surnames, many Argentines still use the surnames of both parents. In modern-day Argentina, it is not common for married women to adopt their spouse's surname after marriage, although in the past some did add the spousal surname after their own with a de 'of', as in Eva Duarte de Perón.
Until 2022, instead of primer apellido (first surname) and segundo apellido (second surname), legally, the following expressions were used: apellido paterno (paternal surname) and apellido materno (maternal surname). Today, according to the Chilean Civil Code, a person's name is composed by the given name or names and the surname or surnames (first and second). The order of the surnames in a family is decided when registering the first common child, by agreement of their parents, and every sibling must bear the same surnames. Both surnames are equally important and having two surnames is obligation for any person in birth registrations, the use of them are mandatory for any official document. Exceptionally some people may have only one surname.
In Chile people never replace their surnames by the spouse's ones at marriage. Spouse's name adoption is not socially practiced and the possibility of so doing is not even contemplated by the law. Although a woman may socially use the marital conjunction de—a very rare practice nowadays, considered to be antiquated by many or even derogative—it is omitted in her legal name. For example, former first lady Marta Larraechea very often is called Marta Larraechea de Frei, but her full legal name remains Marta Larraechea Bolívar. As another example, Soledad Alvear is almost never called Soledad Alvear de Martínez; her full legal name is María Soledad Alvear Valenzuela.
In Colombia, the use is two surnames: first the paternal surname and then the maternal surname. Married women used to change their second last name for their husband's first last name adding the preposition de between the two last names. However, starting around the 1960s, married women do not change their original family names for their husband's. Children who are not recognized by their father are frequently registered with the two maternal surnames.
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Naming customs of Hispanic America
The naming customs of Hispanic America are similar to the Spanish naming customs practiced in Spain, with some modifications to the surname rules. Many Hispanophones in the countries of Spanish-speaking America have two given names, plus like in Spain, a paternal surname (primer apellido or apellido paterno) and a maternal surname (segundo apellido or apellido materno).
In the colonial period and nineteenth century, it was common to have between one and three given names followed by a second name with a de 'from' in front. For example, consider Saint Teresa de Los Andes whose birth name is Juana Enriqueta Josefina de los Sagrados Corazones Fernández del Solar. "Juana", "Enriqueta" and "Josefina" are her first names, followed by the second name "de los Sagrados Corazones". Her paternal surname is "Fernández" and her maternal surname is "del Solar".
Another form of second name can be preceded by a de particle, which can be varied to del or de los. Examples are "José del Pilar", "Rosa del Carmen", "Fidelina de las Mercedes". These second names are only used in formal occasions, and in many cases only registered in the birth, marriage and death certificates.
Children who are not recognized by their father or to be raised separately have been legally treated in two ways, changing from time to time according to the civil registration norms. One way is to be registered with only a first surname that is the mother's surname.
Generally speaking, Argentine family names usually consist of a single, paternal surname. However, due to the large number of people of Spanish descent, with identical surnames, many Argentines still use the surnames of both parents. In modern-day Argentina, it is not common for married women to adopt their spouse's surname after marriage, although in the past some did add the spousal surname after their own with a de 'of', as in Eva Duarte de Perón.
Until 2022, instead of primer apellido (first surname) and segundo apellido (second surname), legally, the following expressions were used: apellido paterno (paternal surname) and apellido materno (maternal surname). Today, according to the Chilean Civil Code, a person's name is composed by the given name or names and the surname or surnames (first and second). The order of the surnames in a family is decided when registering the first common child, by agreement of their parents, and every sibling must bear the same surnames. Both surnames are equally important and having two surnames is obligation for any person in birth registrations, the use of them are mandatory for any official document. Exceptionally some people may have only one surname.
In Chile people never replace their surnames by the spouse's ones at marriage. Spouse's name adoption is not socially practiced and the possibility of so doing is not even contemplated by the law. Although a woman may socially use the marital conjunction de—a very rare practice nowadays, considered to be antiquated by many or even derogative—it is omitted in her legal name. For example, former first lady Marta Larraechea very often is called Marta Larraechea de Frei, but her full legal name remains Marta Larraechea Bolívar. As another example, Soledad Alvear is almost never called Soledad Alvear de Martínez; her full legal name is María Soledad Alvear Valenzuela.
In Colombia, the use is two surnames: first the paternal surname and then the maternal surname. Married women used to change their second last name for their husband's first last name adding the preposition de between the two last names. However, starting around the 1960s, married women do not change their original family names for their husband's. Children who are not recognized by their father are frequently registered with the two maternal surnames.