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National Investigation Agency
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National Investigation Agency
The National Investigation Agency (NIA) is the principal counter-terrorism law enforcement agency in India. Established under the National Investigation Agency Act, 2008, it is tasked with investigating and combating offenses related to terrorism, national security, and other threats affecting the sovereignty and integrity of the country. It operates under the administrative control of the Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. The primary mandate of the agency is to investigate and prosecute offences that have national and cross-border implications, specifically focusing on terrorism, insurgency, and other related matters. It is empowered to investigate cases that involve threats to the sovereignty, security, and integrity of India.
It has the authority to conduct searches, make seizures and arrests without warrant, as well as to collect evidence and maintain a database of terrorist organisations and their members. The NIA does not need permission from state governments in order to carry out its activities, unlike other national-level agencies.
The agency came into existence with the enactment of the National Investigation Agency Act 2008 by the Parliament of India on 31 December 2008, which was passed after the deadly 26/11 terror attack in Mumbai. Such an attack revealed the failure of intelligence and ability to track such activities by existing agencies in India, hence the Government of India realised the need for a specific body to deal with terror related activities in India, thereby establishing the NIA. Headquartered in New Delhi, the NIA has branches in Hyderabad, Guwahati, Kochi, Lucknow, Mumbai, Kolkata, Raipur, Jammu, Chandigarh, Ranchi, Chennai and Imphal. It maintains the NIA Most Wanted list. Its functioning and effectiveness have also been subject to scrutiny, with debates regarding its jurisdiction, accountability, and coordination with other agencies.
NIA is headed by a director general (DG), who is an IPS officer and has the rank of Director General of Police. NIA is headquartered in New Delhi. The director general of the NIA is assisted by special/additional directors general (ADGs) and inspectors general (IGs). There are branch offices across the country to ensure nationwide coverage and coordination in counter-terrorism and other national security-related investigations. Senior officers are appointed through deputation from the Indian Police Service (IPS), the Indian Revenue Service (IRS),the Central Armed Police Force [CAPF] and also from State Police Services (SPS). Conversely, subordinate personnel are selected directly via the Staff Selection Commission (SSC) or through deputation from Central Armed Police Force [CAPF] and various State Police forces. Officer Ranks in the NIA includes DGs, ADGs, IGs, DIGs, SPs, Add.SPs and DSPs.
A bill for the formation of the National Investigation Agency was passed by Parliament in December 2008. As per the legislation, NIA has concurrent jurisdiction which empowers the Central Agency to probe terror attacks in any part of the country, covering offences including challenges to the country's sovereignty and integrity, bomb blasts, hijacking of aircraft and ships and attacks on nuclear installations. The amendments to the NIA Act have brought offences relating to the smuggling in high-quality counterfeit Indian currency under the definition of a terrorist act aimed at damaging the monetary stability of the country and therefore open to investigation by the NIA.
The National Investigative Agency Bill and Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Amendment Bill became law on 30 December 2008 as President Pratibha Patil gave her assent to the legislation which was passed in the last session of the parliament.
The NIA (Amendment) Bill 2019 was passed by the parliament on 17 July 2019. The Bill aims to give more teeth to the investigating powers of the NIA. It empowers the NIA to probe terror attacks targeting Indians and Indian interests abroad. The amended legislation, which aims to primarily empower the anti-terror agency to investigate scheduled offences such as human trafficking; circulation of fake currency; manufacture and sale of prohibited arms; and cyber-terrorism, was passed with a majority of 278 votes in favour and six against in the Lok Sabha. It was also passed in the Rajya Sabha after those opposed to it staged a walkout. This amendment will now also allow NIA to investigate the Sri Lanka Easter Bombings and Kabul Gurudwara bombing.
The organisation aims to be a thoroughly professional investigative agency matching the best international standards. It aims to set the standards of excellence in counter terrorism and other national security related investigations at the national level by developing into a highly trained, partnership oriented workforce. It also aims at creating deterrence for existing and potential terrorist groups/individuals. It aims to develop as a storehouse of all terrorist related information.
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National Investigation Agency
The National Investigation Agency (NIA) is the principal counter-terrorism law enforcement agency in India. Established under the National Investigation Agency Act, 2008, it is tasked with investigating and combating offenses related to terrorism, national security, and other threats affecting the sovereignty and integrity of the country. It operates under the administrative control of the Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. The primary mandate of the agency is to investigate and prosecute offences that have national and cross-border implications, specifically focusing on terrorism, insurgency, and other related matters. It is empowered to investigate cases that involve threats to the sovereignty, security, and integrity of India.
It has the authority to conduct searches, make seizures and arrests without warrant, as well as to collect evidence and maintain a database of terrorist organisations and their members. The NIA does not need permission from state governments in order to carry out its activities, unlike other national-level agencies.
The agency came into existence with the enactment of the National Investigation Agency Act 2008 by the Parliament of India on 31 December 2008, which was passed after the deadly 26/11 terror attack in Mumbai. Such an attack revealed the failure of intelligence and ability to track such activities by existing agencies in India, hence the Government of India realised the need for a specific body to deal with terror related activities in India, thereby establishing the NIA. Headquartered in New Delhi, the NIA has branches in Hyderabad, Guwahati, Kochi, Lucknow, Mumbai, Kolkata, Raipur, Jammu, Chandigarh, Ranchi, Chennai and Imphal. It maintains the NIA Most Wanted list. Its functioning and effectiveness have also been subject to scrutiny, with debates regarding its jurisdiction, accountability, and coordination with other agencies.
NIA is headed by a director general (DG), who is an IPS officer and has the rank of Director General of Police. NIA is headquartered in New Delhi. The director general of the NIA is assisted by special/additional directors general (ADGs) and inspectors general (IGs). There are branch offices across the country to ensure nationwide coverage and coordination in counter-terrorism and other national security-related investigations. Senior officers are appointed through deputation from the Indian Police Service (IPS), the Indian Revenue Service (IRS),the Central Armed Police Force [CAPF] and also from State Police Services (SPS). Conversely, subordinate personnel are selected directly via the Staff Selection Commission (SSC) or through deputation from Central Armed Police Force [CAPF] and various State Police forces. Officer Ranks in the NIA includes DGs, ADGs, IGs, DIGs, SPs, Add.SPs and DSPs.
A bill for the formation of the National Investigation Agency was passed by Parliament in December 2008. As per the legislation, NIA has concurrent jurisdiction which empowers the Central Agency to probe terror attacks in any part of the country, covering offences including challenges to the country's sovereignty and integrity, bomb blasts, hijacking of aircraft and ships and attacks on nuclear installations. The amendments to the NIA Act have brought offences relating to the smuggling in high-quality counterfeit Indian currency under the definition of a terrorist act aimed at damaging the monetary stability of the country and therefore open to investigation by the NIA.
The National Investigative Agency Bill and Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Amendment Bill became law on 30 December 2008 as President Pratibha Patil gave her assent to the legislation which was passed in the last session of the parliament.
The NIA (Amendment) Bill 2019 was passed by the parliament on 17 July 2019. The Bill aims to give more teeth to the investigating powers of the NIA. It empowers the NIA to probe terror attacks targeting Indians and Indian interests abroad. The amended legislation, which aims to primarily empower the anti-terror agency to investigate scheduled offences such as human trafficking; circulation of fake currency; manufacture and sale of prohibited arms; and cyber-terrorism, was passed with a majority of 278 votes in favour and six against in the Lok Sabha. It was also passed in the Rajya Sabha after those opposed to it staged a walkout. This amendment will now also allow NIA to investigate the Sri Lanka Easter Bombings and Kabul Gurudwara bombing.
The organisation aims to be a thoroughly professional investigative agency matching the best international standards. It aims to set the standards of excellence in counter terrorism and other national security related investigations at the national level by developing into a highly trained, partnership oriented workforce. It also aims at creating deterrence for existing and potential terrorist groups/individuals. It aims to develop as a storehouse of all terrorist related information.
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