Nicolaism
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Nicolaism

Nicolaism (also called Nicholairufus, Nicolaitism, Nicolationism or Nicolaitanism) was an early Christian sect mentioned twice in the Book of Revelation of the New Testament. The adherents were called Nicolaitans, Nicolaitanes, or Nicolaites. They were considered heretical by the mainstream early Christian Church. According to Revelation 2:6 & 15, they were known in the cities of Ephesus and Pergamum. In this chapter, the church at Ephesus is endorsed for "[hating] the works of the Nicolaites, which I also hate"; and the church in Pergamos is rebuked: "So thou hast also some [worshiping in their midst] who hold the teaching of the Nicolaites". In the original Greek, they are called, in genitive, Νικολαϊτῶν (Nikolaïtōn).

Several of the early Church Fathers mentioned this group, including Irenaeus, Tertullian, Clement of Alexandria, Hippolytus, Epiphanius, and Theodoret, stating that Nicolas the Deacon, one of the Seven Deacons, was the author of the heresy and the sect. Other scholars, both ancient and modern, have questioned this connection and proposed alternative theories, and due to the scanty evidence, there is no consensus on their origin, beliefs or practices.

The New Testament mentions the Nicolaites in the second chapter of the Book of Revelation.

Yet this is to your credit [the church of Ephesus]: you hate the works of the Nicolaitans, which I [Jesus] also hate.

— Revelation 2:6 NRSV

But I have a few things against you [the church of Pergamos]: you have some there who hold to the teaching of Balaam, who taught Balak to put a stumbling block before the people of Israel, so that they would eat food sacrificed to idols and practice fornication. So you also have some who hold to the teaching of the Nicolaitans. Repent then. If not, I will come to you soon and make war against them with the sword of my mouth.

— Revelation 2:14–16 NRSV

Several Church Fathers attribute the term Nicolaitans as deriving from Nicolaus (Νικόλαος), a native of Antioch and one of the first Seven Deacons mentioned in Acts 6:5. The nature of the link between Nicolaus and Nicolaitans has not been definitively proven.

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