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Nikumaroro
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Nikumaroro
Nikumaroro, previously known as Kemins Island or Gardner Island, is a part of the Phoenix Islands, Kiribati, in the western Pacific Ocean. It is a remote, elongated, triangular coral atoll with profuse vegetation and a large central marine lagoon. Nikumaroro is about 7.5 km (4.7 mi) long by 2.5 km (1.6 mi) wide. Although occupied at various times during the past, the island is uninhabited today.
Kiribati declared the Phoenix Islands Protected Area in 2006, with the park being expanded in 2008. The 425,300-km2 (164,200-mi2) marine reserve contains eight coral atolls including Nikumaroro.
Nikumaroro has notably been the focus of considerable speculation and exploration as a possible location where pilot Amelia Earhart and navigator Fred Noonan might have landed in July 1937 when they vanished during their ill-fated flight to circumnavigate the globe. However, to date, although trace artifactual and osteological evidence more consistent with the presence of a Euro-American woman castaway on the island than with other known prior inhabitants, or prior castaways, has emerged, no conclusive evidence of her plane or of Earhart's presence specifically has been found on or in the vicinity of the island.
The atoll's rim has two narrow entrances, Tatiman (pronounced as "tasiman" or "taziman") Passage, through which the tide runs, and Baureke Passage, which once held the tide but is now dry, both of which are bordered by a wide fringing reef, which forms a coral beach at low tide. The ocean beyond the reef is very deep, and the only anchorage is at the island's west end, across the reef from the ruins of a mid-20th-century British colonial village named Karake, but this is safe only with the southeast trade winds. Landing has always been difficult and is most often done south of the anchorage. On occasion, visiting larger boats and ships have moored alongside the wreck of the SS Norwich City, which ran aground in 1929.
Thick scrub and Pisonia forest cover the land surface. The trees grow 15 m (49 ft) in height and result in decomposing leaf material in the soil. Coconut palms remain from the attempts to operate a plantation on the island from 1893 to 1894 and later from 1938 to 1963.
The scarcity of fresh water on Nikumaroro has proven problematic for residents in the past, and contributed directly to the failure of a British project to colonize the island from 1938 to 1963.
Nikumaroro is sporadically visited by biologists attracted to its extensive marine and avian ecosystems. The atoll has populations of coconut crabs and migratory birds, and rats abound. Several species of sharks and bottlenose dolphins have been observed in the surrounding waters.
The island is part of the Phoenix Islands Protected Area, and as such, has been named an Important Bird Area, especially for its breeding colony of red-tailed tropicbirds.
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Nikumaroro
Nikumaroro, previously known as Kemins Island or Gardner Island, is a part of the Phoenix Islands, Kiribati, in the western Pacific Ocean. It is a remote, elongated, triangular coral atoll with profuse vegetation and a large central marine lagoon. Nikumaroro is about 7.5 km (4.7 mi) long by 2.5 km (1.6 mi) wide. Although occupied at various times during the past, the island is uninhabited today.
Kiribati declared the Phoenix Islands Protected Area in 2006, with the park being expanded in 2008. The 425,300-km2 (164,200-mi2) marine reserve contains eight coral atolls including Nikumaroro.
Nikumaroro has notably been the focus of considerable speculation and exploration as a possible location where pilot Amelia Earhart and navigator Fred Noonan might have landed in July 1937 when they vanished during their ill-fated flight to circumnavigate the globe. However, to date, although trace artifactual and osteological evidence more consistent with the presence of a Euro-American woman castaway on the island than with other known prior inhabitants, or prior castaways, has emerged, no conclusive evidence of her plane or of Earhart's presence specifically has been found on or in the vicinity of the island.
The atoll's rim has two narrow entrances, Tatiman (pronounced as "tasiman" or "taziman") Passage, through which the tide runs, and Baureke Passage, which once held the tide but is now dry, both of which are bordered by a wide fringing reef, which forms a coral beach at low tide. The ocean beyond the reef is very deep, and the only anchorage is at the island's west end, across the reef from the ruins of a mid-20th-century British colonial village named Karake, but this is safe only with the southeast trade winds. Landing has always been difficult and is most often done south of the anchorage. On occasion, visiting larger boats and ships have moored alongside the wreck of the SS Norwich City, which ran aground in 1929.
Thick scrub and Pisonia forest cover the land surface. The trees grow 15 m (49 ft) in height and result in decomposing leaf material in the soil. Coconut palms remain from the attempts to operate a plantation on the island from 1893 to 1894 and later from 1938 to 1963.
The scarcity of fresh water on Nikumaroro has proven problematic for residents in the past, and contributed directly to the failure of a British project to colonize the island from 1938 to 1963.
Nikumaroro is sporadically visited by biologists attracted to its extensive marine and avian ecosystems. The atoll has populations of coconut crabs and migratory birds, and rats abound. Several species of sharks and bottlenose dolphins have been observed in the surrounding waters.
The island is part of the Phoenix Islands Protected Area, and as such, has been named an Important Bird Area, especially for its breeding colony of red-tailed tropicbirds.
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