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Nine Ministers
The Nine Ministers, also known by their Chinese name as the Jiuqing, were nine high officials in the imperial government of the Han dynasty (206 BC–220 AD), who each headed one of the Nine Courts and were subordinates to the Three Councillors of State.
The term "Nine Ministers" could also refer to the nine high-ranking officials in the Ming dynasty: the respective functional heads of the Six Ministries, the Censorate, the Office of Transmission, and the Grand Court of Revision.
The Nine Courts and Ministers throughout most of Chinese history were:
The Minister of Ceremonies, usually described as a chief priest in the government, was responsible for ceremonies in the imperial ancestral temples and in charge of astronomy, astrology, and the daily records of the emperor's activities. He also supervised the operation of the Imperial Academy, selecting and examining the students. If they were suitable, he was also responsible to report their eligibility for office to the emperor.
The Minister of the Household was in charge of the Gentlemen (郎; láng), civil service candidates who stood guard at the doors of palaces and halls. The Gentlemen came from a variety of backgrounds: family members and relatives of high-ranking officials; graduates of the Imperial Academy; men of good moral character recommended by local and regional officials; men of special talents, great wealth, and so on. Every year, the Minister assessed and rated these Gentlemen on four qualities (simplicity, generosity, modesty and virtue) and recommended them for office accordingly.
The Minister of the Guards was essentially the chief of the Imperial Guards, who guarded the palaces. Unlike the Gentlemen, the Imperial Guards were men drafted from among the common people and they were required to serve for a year.
The Minister Coachman was in charge of the Emperor's chariots, carriages and horses. He was responsible for ensuring that the appropriate number and type of chariots, carriages and horses were used at ceremonies. He also supervised the government pastures and the horses raised there.
The Minister of Justice was in charge of the laws. He accepted and decided all the lawsuits that provincial governors failed to dispose of. The cases which he could not decide were reported to the Emperor, along with the relevant details and appropriate articles of the law code that might apply.
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Nine Ministers
The Nine Ministers, also known by their Chinese name as the Jiuqing, were nine high officials in the imperial government of the Han dynasty (206 BC–220 AD), who each headed one of the Nine Courts and were subordinates to the Three Councillors of State.
The term "Nine Ministers" could also refer to the nine high-ranking officials in the Ming dynasty: the respective functional heads of the Six Ministries, the Censorate, the Office of Transmission, and the Grand Court of Revision.
The Nine Courts and Ministers throughout most of Chinese history were:
The Minister of Ceremonies, usually described as a chief priest in the government, was responsible for ceremonies in the imperial ancestral temples and in charge of astronomy, astrology, and the daily records of the emperor's activities. He also supervised the operation of the Imperial Academy, selecting and examining the students. If they were suitable, he was also responsible to report their eligibility for office to the emperor.
The Minister of the Household was in charge of the Gentlemen (郎; láng), civil service candidates who stood guard at the doors of palaces and halls. The Gentlemen came from a variety of backgrounds: family members and relatives of high-ranking officials; graduates of the Imperial Academy; men of good moral character recommended by local and regional officials; men of special talents, great wealth, and so on. Every year, the Minister assessed and rated these Gentlemen on four qualities (simplicity, generosity, modesty and virtue) and recommended them for office accordingly.
The Minister of the Guards was essentially the chief of the Imperial Guards, who guarded the palaces. Unlike the Gentlemen, the Imperial Guards were men drafted from among the common people and they were required to serve for a year.
The Minister Coachman was in charge of the Emperor's chariots, carriages and horses. He was responsible for ensuring that the appropriate number and type of chariots, carriages and horses were used at ceremonies. He also supervised the government pastures and the horses raised there.
The Minister of Justice was in charge of the laws. He accepted and decided all the lawsuits that provincial governors failed to dispose of. The cases which he could not decide were reported to the Emperor, along with the relevant details and appropriate articles of the law code that might apply.