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NORAD

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NORAD

Established in 1958, North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD /ˈnɔːræd/ NΟR-ad; French: Commandement de la défense aérospatiale de l'Amérique du Nord, CDAAN), formerly North American Air Defense Command, and United States Army Air Defence Command, is the largest established combined bi-national military command in the world. The North American Aerospace Defense Command defends both Canada and the United States, and protects and monitors North America's skies and atmosphere.

After the Cold War, and the collapse and dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, NORAD adapted, and in the early 2000s, following NATO's article five invocation for the first time and only time after the September 11 attacks, Canada partnered with the NORAD as a strategic partner under a permanent bilateral and bi-national mutual defence agreement to prevent and detect attacks by foreign adversaries.

NORAD collects information about the atmosphere of the earth, space objects, and North America's coastal waters developing trajectories and identifying their origin. Information about potentially hostile targets, originally strategic bombers, but now in 2025 a variety of ballistic and cruise missiles, is disseminated to various armed forces and leadership. NORAD's defensive area covers most of Northern America, and is broken into three areas of responsibility, the Alaskan region, the Canadian region, and the American Continental region.

NORAD's main headquarters are in Colorado, United States at Peterson Space Force Base (formerly Peterson Air Force Base), with other administrative offices located in New Mexico, United States and Arizona, United States. The combined forces of NORAD include 1,000 soldiers, personnel and military dependents. The Cheyenne Mountain Complex located inside of Cheyenne Mountain, in El Paso County and near Colorado Springs, Colorado is used during a nuclear or air to ground attack.

NORAD has administratively divided the North American landmass into The North American Aerospace Defence Command, Alaskan Region (ANR), Canadian Region (CANR), and the Continental United States (CONR–AFNORTH).

The structure includes:

The North American Aerospace Command maintains a headquarters located at Peterson Space Force Base near Colorado Springs, Colorado. The NORAD and USNORTHCOM Command Center at Peterson serves as both a central collection and coordination facility for a worldwide system of sensors designed to provide the commander and the leadership of Canada and the U.S. with an accurate picture of any active aerospace or maritime threat.

Command structure by order of authority:

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