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Oesho
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| Oesho | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Bactrian script | ΟΗϷΟ / Οηϸο |
| Affiliation | Shiva, Vayu |
| Consort | Ommo ("ΟΜΜΟ", Umā) |
Oesho (Bactrian: Οηϸο) is a deity found on coins of 2nd to 6th-century, particularly the 2nd-century Kushan era. He was apparently one of the titular deities of the Kushan dynasty. Oesho is an early Kushan deity that is regarded as an amalgamation of Shiva.[2]
By the time of the Kushan emperor Ooishki (Bactrian Οοηϸκι; often Romanised as Huvishka), who reigned in 140–180 CE, Oesho and the female deity Ardoksho (Ardoxsho; Ardochsho; Ardokhsho) were the only deities appearing on Kushan coins.
Connections
[edit]Connections to several contemporaneous deities worshipped by neighbouring cultures have been suggested.
- During the Kushan era, Oesho was often linked to the Hindu concept of Ishvara, which was embodied by the god Shiva;[3] Oesho may share the same etymology as Ishvara and/or represent a variant of the word in the Bactrian language spoken by the Kushans.[4][5]
- Similarities have retrospectively been identified with the Avestan Vayu.[6][7]
- Some later representations, evidently influenced by Greco-Bactrian culture, depict Oesho with a trishula, the traditional implement of Shiva, similar to a trident that is part of Poseidon's iconography.[8]
Consort
[edit]The consort of Oesho was Ommo ("ΟΜΜΟ", Umā), as shown on a coin type of Kushan ruler Huvishka with, on the reverse, the divine couple Ommo ("ΟΜΜΟ", Umā) holding a flower, and Oesho ("ΟΗϷΟ", Shiva) with four arms holding attributes.[9][10]
Depictions of Oesho
[edit]-
![Coin of Huvishka with deity Oesho ("ΟΗϷΟ", Shiva).[11]](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Huvishka_Oesho_coin.jpg/250px-Huvishka_Oesho_coin.jpg)
-
![Coinage of Kushan ruler Huvishka with, on the reverse, the divine couple Ommo ("ΟΜΜΟ", Umā) holding a flower, and Oesho ("ΟΗϷΟ", Shiva) with four arms holding attributes. Circa 150-180 CE.[12][13]](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Huvishka_with_Ommo_and_Oesho.jpg/250px-Huvishka_with_Ommo_and_Oesho.jpg)
-
Oesho, with a second human face, and the head of a horned animal, on a coin of Vasudeva I -
Coin of the Kushan king Kanishka II with, on the reverse, a depiction of Oesho and the word "Oesho" in modified Greek script. -
![Kushan worshipper with Oesho, Bactria, 3rd century CE.[14]](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/ShivaOeshoBactria3rdCenturyCE.jpg/120px-ShivaOeshoBactria3rdCenturyCE.jpg)
Kushan worshipper with Oesho, Bactria, 3rd century CE.[14]
![Coin of Huvishka with deity Oesho ("ΟΗϷΟ", Shiva).[11]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Huvishka_Oesho_coin.jpg)
![Coinage of Kushan ruler Huvishka with, on the reverse, the divine couple Ommo ("ΟΜΜΟ", Umā) holding a flower, and Oesho ("ΟΗϷΟ", Shiva) with four arms holding attributes. Circa 150-180 CE.[12][13]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Huvishka_with_Ommo_and_Oesho.jpg)
![Kushan worshipper with Oesho, Bactria, 3rd century CE.[14]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ShivaOeshoBactria3rdCenturyCE.jpg)
Notes
[edit]- ^ Rosenfield, John M. (1967). The Dynastic Arts of the Kushans. University of California Press. p. 93.
- ^ Carter, Martha L. (1994). A Treasury of Indian Coins. Marg Publications. ISBN 978-81-85026-25-1.
- ^ Sivaramamurti, p. 56-59.
- ^ The Dynasty Arts of the Kushans. University of California Press. 1967. pp. 92–93.
- ^ Blurton, T. Richard (1993). Hindu Art. Harvard University Press. p. 84. ISBN 0-674-39189-6.
- ^ Sims-Williams, Nicolas. "Bactrian Language". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Vol. 3. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
- ^ H. Humbach, 1975, p.402-408. K.Tanabe, 1997, p.277, M.Carter, 1995, p.152. J.Cribb, 1997, p.40. References cited in "De l'Indus à l'Oxus".
- ^ "Coins of Vima Kadphises". Archived from the original on 2011-05-14. Retrieved 2010-12-05.
- ^ Dani, Ahmad Hasan; Harmatta, János (1999). History of Civilizations of Central Asia. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. p. 326. ISBN 978-81-208-1408-0.
- ^ "Ommo-Oesho coin of Huvishka British Museum". The British Museum.
- ^ Dani, Ahmad Hasan; Harmatta, János (1999). History of Civilizations of Central Asia. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. p. 326. ISBN 978-81-208-1408-0.
- ^ Dani, Ahmad Hasan; Harmatta, János (1999). History of Civilizations of Central Asia. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. p. 326. ISBN 978-81-208-1408-0.
- ^ "Ommo-Oesho coin of Huvishka British Museum". The British Museum.
- ^ Metropolitan Museum of Art exhibition
References
[edit]- Bopearachchi, Osmund (2003). De l'Indus à l'Oxus, Archéologie de l'Asie Centrale (in French). Lattes: Association imago-musée de Lattes. ISBN 2-9516679-2-2.