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Oiniwar dynasty
The Oiniwar dynasty or Oiṇīvāra dynasty, also known as the Sugauna dynasty, was a dynasty ruling territories that form part of the Mithila region of the Bihar, India. They governed the area between 1325 and 1526, being preceded by the Karnat dynasty. Following the demise of the Oiniwars, emerged the dynasty of the Raj Darbhanga.
The rulers of the Oiniwar dynasty governed Mithila between 1325 and 1526 however their rule has not been well-documented. They were Srotriya Maithil Brahmins whose first significant figure was Jayapati Thakur. His grandson, Nath Thakur, served the local kings of the Karnat dynasty and was rewarded with a grant of the village of Oini in modern-day Samastipur district in recognition of his scholarship. As was then customary, he took the name of the granted place as his own and the dynasty that followed from him became known as the Oiniwar.
There is an alternative theory that the family were generally considered to be significant scholars and that this reputation and the influence that flowed from it resulted in them being awarded the village of Sodapura, which later caused them also to be known as the Srotriyas or Soit.
In 1325, following the collapse of the Karnat dynasty in 1324, Nath Thakur became the first Oiniwar ruler. The dynasty that followed him comprised a further twenty rulers.
The last of the Oiniwar rulers was Laxminath Singh Deva.[clarification needed]. He had been trying to assert himself as an independent ruler and in the process was assassinated by Nusrat Shah of Bengal. Following Laxminath Singh Deva's death there was a period of lawlessness in the region of Mithila lasting around 30 years where various Rajput clans were trying and battling for power. but after this finally emerged the Maithil Brahmin dynasty of the Raj Darbhanga who took the control of Mithila.
Unlike the Karnats who preceded them, who kept the large citadel of Simraungadh as their capital, the Oiniwars mainly operated out of various villages in Mithila.
The dynastic capitals were also frequently relocated. At some unknown time, it was moved from Oini to the village of Sugauna in modern-day Madhubani district, thus giving rise to the rulers also being known as the Sugauna Dynasty. It was moved again, to Devakuli, during the reign of Devasimha, and then to Gajarathpura (also known as Shiva Singhpura) during the early years of the reign of his son, Shivasimha. When the latter died in 1416, his queen, Lakshima, governed the kingdom for 12 years from Banauli Vidyapati Dih and then was succeeded by his brother, Padmasimha, who moved the capital once more to Padma, named after its founder, this was near to Rajnagar and a long way from the previous seat. Padmasimha, who ruled for three years, was succeeded by his wife, Vishwasa Devi, and she, too, founded a new capital which is today the village of Vishual.
The military of the Oiniwar dynasty was considered to be the main pillar of the King's power. The army was under the command of a senapati or the commander-in-chief who had direct control of the military. The military had a four-fold structure with infantry, cavalry, elephants and chariots. The poet, Vidyapati who worked in the court of the Oiniwars, noted that the core of the army consisted of Maithil Brahmin the vanguard consisted of mercenaries from Kurukshetra, Matsya, Surasena and Panchala.
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Oiniwar dynasty
The Oiniwar dynasty or Oiṇīvāra dynasty, also known as the Sugauna dynasty, was a dynasty ruling territories that form part of the Mithila region of the Bihar, India. They governed the area between 1325 and 1526, being preceded by the Karnat dynasty. Following the demise of the Oiniwars, emerged the dynasty of the Raj Darbhanga.
The rulers of the Oiniwar dynasty governed Mithila between 1325 and 1526 however their rule has not been well-documented. They were Srotriya Maithil Brahmins whose first significant figure was Jayapati Thakur. His grandson, Nath Thakur, served the local kings of the Karnat dynasty and was rewarded with a grant of the village of Oini in modern-day Samastipur district in recognition of his scholarship. As was then customary, he took the name of the granted place as his own and the dynasty that followed from him became known as the Oiniwar.
There is an alternative theory that the family were generally considered to be significant scholars and that this reputation and the influence that flowed from it resulted in them being awarded the village of Sodapura, which later caused them also to be known as the Srotriyas or Soit.
In 1325, following the collapse of the Karnat dynasty in 1324, Nath Thakur became the first Oiniwar ruler. The dynasty that followed him comprised a further twenty rulers.
The last of the Oiniwar rulers was Laxminath Singh Deva.[clarification needed]. He had been trying to assert himself as an independent ruler and in the process was assassinated by Nusrat Shah of Bengal. Following Laxminath Singh Deva's death there was a period of lawlessness in the region of Mithila lasting around 30 years where various Rajput clans were trying and battling for power. but after this finally emerged the Maithil Brahmin dynasty of the Raj Darbhanga who took the control of Mithila.
Unlike the Karnats who preceded them, who kept the large citadel of Simraungadh as their capital, the Oiniwars mainly operated out of various villages in Mithila.
The dynastic capitals were also frequently relocated. At some unknown time, it was moved from Oini to the village of Sugauna in modern-day Madhubani district, thus giving rise to the rulers also being known as the Sugauna Dynasty. It was moved again, to Devakuli, during the reign of Devasimha, and then to Gajarathpura (also known as Shiva Singhpura) during the early years of the reign of his son, Shivasimha. When the latter died in 1416, his queen, Lakshima, governed the kingdom for 12 years from Banauli Vidyapati Dih and then was succeeded by his brother, Padmasimha, who moved the capital once more to Padma, named after its founder, this was near to Rajnagar and a long way from the previous seat. Padmasimha, who ruled for three years, was succeeded by his wife, Vishwasa Devi, and she, too, founded a new capital which is today the village of Vishual.
The military of the Oiniwar dynasty was considered to be the main pillar of the King's power. The army was under the command of a senapati or the commander-in-chief who had direct control of the military. The military had a four-fold structure with infantry, cavalry, elephants and chariots. The poet, Vidyapati who worked in the court of the Oiniwars, noted that the core of the army consisted of Maithil Brahmin the vanguard consisted of mercenaries from Kurukshetra, Matsya, Surasena and Panchala.