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Open Game
An Open Game (or Double King's Pawn Opening) is a generic term for a family of chess openings beginning with the moves:
Black controls the d4-square in the center and maintains symmetry. 1.e4 e5 gives rise to many of the oldest and most deeply analyzed openings in the game. Play most commonly continues 2.Nf3 Nc6, leading to the Ruy Lopez (3.Bb5), Italian Game (3.Bc4), Scotch Game (3.d4), and others. Black's most important alternative to 2...Nc6 is 2...Nf6, Petrov's Defense. Other Open Games include the King's Gambit (2.f4) and Vienna Game (2.Nc3).
After having been the most common pair of opening moves until the 20th century, 1...e5 remains the second most popular response to White's first move 1.e4 (1...c5 is slightly more popular among tournament players). Other responses to 1.e4 are termed Semi-Open Games or Single King's Pawn Games. When written in lowercase, the term "open game" refers to a chess position where ranks, files and diagonals are open, and tending to more tactical gameplay. It is possible that an Open Game may lead to a closed game.
White opens by playing 1.e4, which is the most popular opening move and has several strengths – it immediately stakes a claim in the center, and frees two pieces (the queen and king's bishop) for action. The oldest openings in chess follow 1.e4. Bobby Fischer wrote that 1.e4 is "Best by test." On the negative side, 1.e4 places a pawn on an undefended square and weakens the squares d4 and f4. If Black keeps the symmetry by replying 1...e5, the result is an Open Game.
The most popular second move for White is 2.Nf3 (the King's Knight Opening), attacking Black's king pawn, preparing to castle kingside, and preparing for d2–d4 in many lines. Black's usual reply to 2.Nf3 is 2...Nc6, defending the king's pawn without restricting the movement of the king's bishop. From here several named openings can arise.
The Ruy Lopez or Spanish Game (3.Bb5) is one of the most popular openings at all levels of chess, and one of the most extensively analyzed. Black's most common response is 3...a6, forcing White to make a decision between exchanging the bishop for the knight with 4.Bxc6 or retreating with 4.Ba4. A common alternative is the Berlin Defense (3...Nf6), which can continue into a heavily analyzed drawish line after 4.0-0 Nxe4, the Open Berlin. Black has several alternatives, the sharpest of which is the Schliemann Defense (3...f5).
The Italian Game (3.Bc4) is White's second most popular move, usually leading to either the Giuoco Piano (3...Bc5) or the Two Knights Defense (3...Nf6). The name "Italian Game" is also used as a synonym for the Giuoco Piano by many writers.
The Scotch Game (3.d4) was popular in the 19th century and is still the third most common move. After the usual 3...exd4, White may either recapture with 4.Nxd4 with an approximately equal game, or play the Scotch Gambit (4.Bc4), a risky but dangerous tactical line against an unprepared opponent.
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Open Game
An Open Game (or Double King's Pawn Opening) is a generic term for a family of chess openings beginning with the moves:
Black controls the d4-square in the center and maintains symmetry. 1.e4 e5 gives rise to many of the oldest and most deeply analyzed openings in the game. Play most commonly continues 2.Nf3 Nc6, leading to the Ruy Lopez (3.Bb5), Italian Game (3.Bc4), Scotch Game (3.d4), and others. Black's most important alternative to 2...Nc6 is 2...Nf6, Petrov's Defense. Other Open Games include the King's Gambit (2.f4) and Vienna Game (2.Nc3).
After having been the most common pair of opening moves until the 20th century, 1...e5 remains the second most popular response to White's first move 1.e4 (1...c5 is slightly more popular among tournament players). Other responses to 1.e4 are termed Semi-Open Games or Single King's Pawn Games. When written in lowercase, the term "open game" refers to a chess position where ranks, files and diagonals are open, and tending to more tactical gameplay. It is possible that an Open Game may lead to a closed game.
White opens by playing 1.e4, which is the most popular opening move and has several strengths – it immediately stakes a claim in the center, and frees two pieces (the queen and king's bishop) for action. The oldest openings in chess follow 1.e4. Bobby Fischer wrote that 1.e4 is "Best by test." On the negative side, 1.e4 places a pawn on an undefended square and weakens the squares d4 and f4. If Black keeps the symmetry by replying 1...e5, the result is an Open Game.
The most popular second move for White is 2.Nf3 (the King's Knight Opening), attacking Black's king pawn, preparing to castle kingside, and preparing for d2–d4 in many lines. Black's usual reply to 2.Nf3 is 2...Nc6, defending the king's pawn without restricting the movement of the king's bishop. From here several named openings can arise.
The Ruy Lopez or Spanish Game (3.Bb5) is one of the most popular openings at all levels of chess, and one of the most extensively analyzed. Black's most common response is 3...a6, forcing White to make a decision between exchanging the bishop for the knight with 4.Bxc6 or retreating with 4.Ba4. A common alternative is the Berlin Defense (3...Nf6), which can continue into a heavily analyzed drawish line after 4.0-0 Nxe4, the Open Berlin. Black has several alternatives, the sharpest of which is the Schliemann Defense (3...f5).
The Italian Game (3.Bc4) is White's second most popular move, usually leading to either the Giuoco Piano (3...Bc5) or the Two Knights Defense (3...Nf6). The name "Italian Game" is also used as a synonym for the Giuoco Piano by many writers.
The Scotch Game (3.d4) was popular in the 19th century and is still the third most common move. After the usual 3...exd4, White may either recapture with 4.Nxd4 with an approximately equal game, or play the Scotch Gambit (4.Bc4), a risky but dangerous tactical line against an unprepared opponent.