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Organized crime in Taiwan
Organized crime in Taiwan refers to the activities of criminal syndicates in Taiwan. The organized crime societies, often referred to as triads or gangs, are involved in racketeering, drug trafficking, assassination, and various other illegal activities. The three largest triads in Taiwan are Bamboo Union, Four Seas Gang, and Heavenly Way Gang. In modern times, triads in Taiwan have been investigated for connections to the government of the People's Republic of China.
In Taiwan, the criminal underworld is commonly referred to as heidao (Chinese: 黑道; lit. 'black way'), heibang (Chinese: 黑幫; lit. 'black gang'), or heishehui (Chinese: 黑社會; lit. 'black society'). Members of organized crime are colloquially called xiongdi (Chinese: 兄弟), whereas a leader or chief is sometimes called dage (Chinese: 大哥; lit. 'big brother').
The development of modern organized triads in Taiwan largely goes back to the 1950s following the retreat of the Republic of China to Taiwan. The Four Seas Gang was founded in 1954 and is the second largest gang in Taiwan with 46 branches and over 700 known members. The Bamboo Union was formed by waishengren children of Kuomintang soldiers who wanted to consolidate power against Hoklo Taiwanese. The first members lived on Zhulin Road (Chinese: 竹林; lit. 'bamboo forest') in what is now Yonghe District in New Taipei City. It was established in 1957.
In 2020, declassified documents showed that the Bamboo Union had close ties with the Kuomintang (KMT) government and Chiang Kai-shek family during the martial law period known as White Terror. Between 1960 and 1984, Bamboo Union members held up to 19 top government positions, including posts in the National Security Bureau, all branches of the armed forces, and the Ministry of Justice Investigation Bureau. Former leader Chang An-lo confirmed the 1984 plot to assassinate writer Henry Liu after his publication of an unauthorized biography of president Chiang Ching-kuo. He recounted that intelligence bureau chief Wang Hsi-ling sent gangsters Chen Chi-li and Wu Dun to assassinate Liu, though according to another account, Chiang Hsiao-wu dispatched the gangsters.
In response to the public outcry over Liu's murder, the government carried out Operation Clean Sweep, a widespread crackdown that led to the arrest of 2,346 gangsters and confiscation of large quantities of guns and knives. Small-time jiaotou boss Lo Fu-chu was imprisoned and suffered at the hands of other gangs. Three years later, in 1986, Lo created an alliance of local jiaotou gangs named the Heavenly Way Gang (Chinese: 天道盟), now the third largest gang, as a benshengren response to the waishengren-dominated gangs.
After martial law was lifted in 1987, organized crime saw a surge in the supply of smuggled guns and drugs, resulting from a reduction in maritime patrols. Mob infiltration of business and politics became more common in the 1990s.
In recent years, gang groups have expanded operations "by engaging in telecom fraud, online gambling, cross-border money laundering, arms and drugs trafficking, and other crimes" according to government officials. In a committee briefing, interior minister Lin Yu-chang noted that crackdowns on gang activity have identified 1,180 crime organizations across the country, with 755 businesses operated by gangs. Taiwan's Ministry of the Interior stated in 2017 that China's Ministry of State Security operates an "external liaison office" in Xiamen which communicates with and provides financial assistance to organized criminal groups in Taiwan.
In 2008, the Bamboo Union was ranked by Foreign Policy as one of the world's most dangerous gangs. It was linked to the kidnapping of Hong Kong businessman Wong Yuk-kwan in 2015.
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Organized crime in Taiwan
Organized crime in Taiwan refers to the activities of criminal syndicates in Taiwan. The organized crime societies, often referred to as triads or gangs, are involved in racketeering, drug trafficking, assassination, and various other illegal activities. The three largest triads in Taiwan are Bamboo Union, Four Seas Gang, and Heavenly Way Gang. In modern times, triads in Taiwan have been investigated for connections to the government of the People's Republic of China.
In Taiwan, the criminal underworld is commonly referred to as heidao (Chinese: 黑道; lit. 'black way'), heibang (Chinese: 黑幫; lit. 'black gang'), or heishehui (Chinese: 黑社會; lit. 'black society'). Members of organized crime are colloquially called xiongdi (Chinese: 兄弟), whereas a leader or chief is sometimes called dage (Chinese: 大哥; lit. 'big brother').
The development of modern organized triads in Taiwan largely goes back to the 1950s following the retreat of the Republic of China to Taiwan. The Four Seas Gang was founded in 1954 and is the second largest gang in Taiwan with 46 branches and over 700 known members. The Bamboo Union was formed by waishengren children of Kuomintang soldiers who wanted to consolidate power against Hoklo Taiwanese. The first members lived on Zhulin Road (Chinese: 竹林; lit. 'bamboo forest') in what is now Yonghe District in New Taipei City. It was established in 1957.
In 2020, declassified documents showed that the Bamboo Union had close ties with the Kuomintang (KMT) government and Chiang Kai-shek family during the martial law period known as White Terror. Between 1960 and 1984, Bamboo Union members held up to 19 top government positions, including posts in the National Security Bureau, all branches of the armed forces, and the Ministry of Justice Investigation Bureau. Former leader Chang An-lo confirmed the 1984 plot to assassinate writer Henry Liu after his publication of an unauthorized biography of president Chiang Ching-kuo. He recounted that intelligence bureau chief Wang Hsi-ling sent gangsters Chen Chi-li and Wu Dun to assassinate Liu, though according to another account, Chiang Hsiao-wu dispatched the gangsters.
In response to the public outcry over Liu's murder, the government carried out Operation Clean Sweep, a widespread crackdown that led to the arrest of 2,346 gangsters and confiscation of large quantities of guns and knives. Small-time jiaotou boss Lo Fu-chu was imprisoned and suffered at the hands of other gangs. Three years later, in 1986, Lo created an alliance of local jiaotou gangs named the Heavenly Way Gang (Chinese: 天道盟), now the third largest gang, as a benshengren response to the waishengren-dominated gangs.
After martial law was lifted in 1987, organized crime saw a surge in the supply of smuggled guns and drugs, resulting from a reduction in maritime patrols. Mob infiltration of business and politics became more common in the 1990s.
In recent years, gang groups have expanded operations "by engaging in telecom fraud, online gambling, cross-border money laundering, arms and drugs trafficking, and other crimes" according to government officials. In a committee briefing, interior minister Lin Yu-chang noted that crackdowns on gang activity have identified 1,180 crime organizations across the country, with 755 businesses operated by gangs. Taiwan's Ministry of the Interior stated in 2017 that China's Ministry of State Security operates an "external liaison office" in Xiamen which communicates with and provides financial assistance to organized criminal groups in Taiwan.
In 2008, the Bamboo Union was ranked by Foreign Policy as one of the world's most dangerous gangs. It was linked to the kidnapping of Hong Kong businessman Wong Yuk-kwan in 2015.