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Patriarch Job of Moscow
Job (Russian: Иов, romanized: Iov; died 19 June 1607) was Metropolitan of Moscow and all Rus', the primate of the Russian Orthodox Church, from 1587 to 1589, and the first Patriarch of Moscow and all Rus' from 1589 to 1605.
He was the seventeenth metropolitan in Moscow to be appointed without the approval of the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople as had been the norm. In 1589, Jeremias II, the patriarch of Constantinople, regularized Job's canonical status and raised him to the status of patriarch. 400 years later, the Russian Orthodox Church canonized him in 1989.
His birth name was Ioann (Russian: Иоанн). As a teenager, Ioann knew most of the biblical texts by heart and strove to become a monk. His father, however, insisted that he marry. Once, Ioann asked his father's permission to see his confessor in the Uspensky Monastery in their native town of Staritsa near Tver. Upon his arrival in 1551, Ioann immediately took monastic vows and assumed the religious name of Job.
Job spent fifteen years in the cloister and finally became its abbot in 1566 with the help of Ivan the Terrible, who had made Staritsa his residence during the time of the Oprichnina. According to Debra A. Coulter, "Job was known as a humble man of impeccable morals, learned for his times, who worked for the good of the church and the promotion of Orthodox Christianity."
In 1571, Job was transferred to Moscow and appointed abbot of the Simonov Monastery. In 1575, he became the abbot of the Novospassky Monastery. In 1581, Job was consecrated as the bishop of Kolomna.
Though a person of mediocre mental abilities, he nevertheless managed to draw the attention of Boris Godunov by his talent for reading the longest of prayers by heart in a very expressive manner. During the reign of Feodor I (whose government was controlled by Boris Godunov), Job was appointed archbishop of Rostov and the metropolitan of Moscow and all Russia in 1587.
Arguing that ecclesiastic authority in Russia should be strengthened, Godunov managed to persuade Jeremias II, the patriarch of Constantinople, to establish a patriarchate in Moscow. On 5 February [O.S. 26 January] 1589, Job was consecrated as the first Russian patriarch with the blessing of Jeremias II. In the decree establishing the patriarchate, the whole Russian tsardom is called a "third Rome". As Feodor was poorly suited to ruling, the diplomacy was left to Godunov.
The residence of the patriarch was established in the Moscow Kremlin, in a building adjacent to the Church of the Twelve Apostles with Byzantine features. In 1590, a council held in Constantinople confirmed the new status of Moscow, and three years later, the four other Orthodox patriarchs ratified this at another council with the support of 42 bishops.
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Patriarch Job of Moscow
Job (Russian: Иов, romanized: Iov; died 19 June 1607) was Metropolitan of Moscow and all Rus', the primate of the Russian Orthodox Church, from 1587 to 1589, and the first Patriarch of Moscow and all Rus' from 1589 to 1605.
He was the seventeenth metropolitan in Moscow to be appointed without the approval of the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople as had been the norm. In 1589, Jeremias II, the patriarch of Constantinople, regularized Job's canonical status and raised him to the status of patriarch. 400 years later, the Russian Orthodox Church canonized him in 1989.
His birth name was Ioann (Russian: Иоанн). As a teenager, Ioann knew most of the biblical texts by heart and strove to become a monk. His father, however, insisted that he marry. Once, Ioann asked his father's permission to see his confessor in the Uspensky Monastery in their native town of Staritsa near Tver. Upon his arrival in 1551, Ioann immediately took monastic vows and assumed the religious name of Job.
Job spent fifteen years in the cloister and finally became its abbot in 1566 with the help of Ivan the Terrible, who had made Staritsa his residence during the time of the Oprichnina. According to Debra A. Coulter, "Job was known as a humble man of impeccable morals, learned for his times, who worked for the good of the church and the promotion of Orthodox Christianity."
In 1571, Job was transferred to Moscow and appointed abbot of the Simonov Monastery. In 1575, he became the abbot of the Novospassky Monastery. In 1581, Job was consecrated as the bishop of Kolomna.
Though a person of mediocre mental abilities, he nevertheless managed to draw the attention of Boris Godunov by his talent for reading the longest of prayers by heart in a very expressive manner. During the reign of Feodor I (whose government was controlled by Boris Godunov), Job was appointed archbishop of Rostov and the metropolitan of Moscow and all Russia in 1587.
Arguing that ecclesiastic authority in Russia should be strengthened, Godunov managed to persuade Jeremias II, the patriarch of Constantinople, to establish a patriarchate in Moscow. On 5 February [O.S. 26 January] 1589, Job was consecrated as the first Russian patriarch with the blessing of Jeremias II. In the decree establishing the patriarchate, the whole Russian tsardom is called a "third Rome". As Feodor was poorly suited to ruling, the diplomacy was left to Godunov.
The residence of the patriarch was established in the Moscow Kremlin, in a building adjacent to the Church of the Twelve Apostles with Byzantine features. In 1590, a council held in Constantinople confirmed the new status of Moscow, and three years later, the four other Orthodox patriarchs ratified this at another council with the support of 42 bishops.