Paul Mantoux (14 April 1877 – 14 December 1956) was a French economic historian of the Industrial Revolution who taught at the University of London, the Conservatoire national des arts et métiers, and the Geneva Graduate Institute. His best known work is the 1906 book The Industrial Revolution in the Eighteenth Century: An Outline of the Beginnings of the Modern Factory System in England, which fellow economic historian T. S. Ashton stated was "by far the best introduction to the subject in any language."

Mantoux was the interpreter of Georges Clemenceau at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. He was subsequently director of the Political Section of the League of Nations's secretariat. In 1927, he co-founded the Geneva Graduate Institute, along with William Rappard. Mantoux trained at the École normale supérieure (Paris). One of his children was the economist Étienne Mantoux.