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Paul Yu Pin
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Paul Yu Pin
Paul Yu Pin (Chinese: 于斌; pinyin: Yú Bīn; 13 April 1901 – 16 August 1978) was a Chinese cardinal of the Catholic Church. He served as Archbishop of Nanking from 1946 until his death, having previously served as its Apostolic Vicar, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1969.
On April 13, 1901, Paul Yu Pin was born to Yu Shuiyuan (于水源) and Xiao Aimei, in Shuangmiaozi (雙廟子, today's Lanxi County), Hulan Subprefecture (呼蘭廳), under the jurisdiction of the Heilongjiang Military Governor in China's northeast (a region not yet established as a formal province at the time). The Yu family traced its ancestral roots to Yujia Village, Changyi County, Laizhou Prefecture, Shandong. In the late Qing dynasty, Yu Pin's great-grandfather, Yu Wencheng, made the journey through Shanhaiguan to settle in Heilongjiang. When Yu Pin was six years old, his father Yu Shuiyuan died, and a year later, when he was seven, his mother, née Xiao, also died. Yu Pin was therefore raised by his paternal grandparents. His grandfather practiced traditional Chinese medicine, and the family lived in modest circumstances. Like other boys in the village, Yu Pin tended the family's pigs, though he did have the opportunity to receive an education at a private village school.
Orphaned at age 7, he was baptized in 1914 after encountering missionary priests near Lansi, where he lived with his grandfather. Yu attended the provincial normal school in Heilongjiang, the Jesuit Aurora University in Shanghai, and the seminary in Jilin.
In 1924, Yu was sent to Rome, where he studied at the Pontifical Urbaniana University (earning his doctorate in theology) and Pontifical Roman Athenaem S. Apollinare. He also studied at the Royal University in Perugia, from where he obtained a doctoral degree in politics.
Yu worked to develop the Catholic Action network across China, working especially closely with Frédéric-Vincent Lebbe.
Yu was ordained to the priesthood on 22 December 1928 by Archbishop Giuseppe Palica, and then taught at the Urbaniana University until 1933, when he returned to China. Upon his return, he was named secretary of the Chinese nunciature, and Inspector General of Catholic schools in China.
In 1933, Rome approved a national Catholic Action Society and appointed Yu as its clerical head. This iteration of Catholic Action included both social organizing and proposals to better situate Catholicism in the Chinese context, including efforts to replace the translation of Catholicism as Tianzhujiao (a term with legal significance under the Unequal Treaties and which therefore had associations with Western imperialism in China) with Gongjiao (which the society hoped would better convey Catholicism's universal aspects, as gong means common or public).
On 17 July 1936, Yu was appointed Apostolic Vicar of Nanking and Titular Bishop of Sozusa in Palaestina by Pope Pius XI. He received his episcopal consecration on the following September 20 from Archbishop Mario Zanin, with Bishops Simon Tchu, SJ, and Paul Montaigne, CM, serving as co-consecrators, in Beijing. In 1937, the Imperial Japanese Army took Nanjing and a reward of $100,000 was placed for the capture of Yu, who spent World War II in the United States.
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Paul Yu Pin
Paul Yu Pin (Chinese: 于斌; pinyin: Yú Bīn; 13 April 1901 – 16 August 1978) was a Chinese cardinal of the Catholic Church. He served as Archbishop of Nanking from 1946 until his death, having previously served as its Apostolic Vicar, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1969.
On April 13, 1901, Paul Yu Pin was born to Yu Shuiyuan (于水源) and Xiao Aimei, in Shuangmiaozi (雙廟子, today's Lanxi County), Hulan Subprefecture (呼蘭廳), under the jurisdiction of the Heilongjiang Military Governor in China's northeast (a region not yet established as a formal province at the time). The Yu family traced its ancestral roots to Yujia Village, Changyi County, Laizhou Prefecture, Shandong. In the late Qing dynasty, Yu Pin's great-grandfather, Yu Wencheng, made the journey through Shanhaiguan to settle in Heilongjiang. When Yu Pin was six years old, his father Yu Shuiyuan died, and a year later, when he was seven, his mother, née Xiao, also died. Yu Pin was therefore raised by his paternal grandparents. His grandfather practiced traditional Chinese medicine, and the family lived in modest circumstances. Like other boys in the village, Yu Pin tended the family's pigs, though he did have the opportunity to receive an education at a private village school.
Orphaned at age 7, he was baptized in 1914 after encountering missionary priests near Lansi, where he lived with his grandfather. Yu attended the provincial normal school in Heilongjiang, the Jesuit Aurora University in Shanghai, and the seminary in Jilin.
In 1924, Yu was sent to Rome, where he studied at the Pontifical Urbaniana University (earning his doctorate in theology) and Pontifical Roman Athenaem S. Apollinare. He also studied at the Royal University in Perugia, from where he obtained a doctoral degree in politics.
Yu worked to develop the Catholic Action network across China, working especially closely with Frédéric-Vincent Lebbe.
Yu was ordained to the priesthood on 22 December 1928 by Archbishop Giuseppe Palica, and then taught at the Urbaniana University until 1933, when he returned to China. Upon his return, he was named secretary of the Chinese nunciature, and Inspector General of Catholic schools in China.
In 1933, Rome approved a national Catholic Action Society and appointed Yu as its clerical head. This iteration of Catholic Action included both social organizing and proposals to better situate Catholicism in the Chinese context, including efforts to replace the translation of Catholicism as Tianzhujiao (a term with legal significance under the Unequal Treaties and which therefore had associations with Western imperialism in China) with Gongjiao (which the society hoped would better convey Catholicism's universal aspects, as gong means common or public).
On 17 July 1936, Yu was appointed Apostolic Vicar of Nanking and Titular Bishop of Sozusa in Palaestina by Pope Pius XI. He received his episcopal consecration on the following September 20 from Archbishop Mario Zanin, with Bishops Simon Tchu, SJ, and Paul Montaigne, CM, serving as co-consecrators, in Beijing. In 1937, the Imperial Japanese Army took Nanjing and a reward of $100,000 was placed for the capture of Yu, who spent World War II in the United States.
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