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Phayao Kingdom
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Phayao Kingdom
The Phayao Kingdom (Northern Thai: ᨾᩮᩬᩥᨦᨻᩕ᩠ᨿᩣ᩠ᩅ), also known as Phukamyao (Northern Thai: ᨽᩪᨠᩣ᩠ᨾᨿᩣ᩠ᩅ), is a Tai kingdom centred around the city of Phayao from around the 11th-14th century AD.
Before Chomtham, the Phayao Chronicle mentions the polity of Old Phukamyao, centred around a city called Sakkawanrajathani, also called Mattharaj Pahurita or Singharaj (not to be confused with Singhanvati), ruled by Suthasom and Anuraj. After their death, the kingdom was left without a ruler for 3 years, and thus local nobility began exerting power over smaller cities within Phukamyao.
News of Sakkawanrajathani’s empty throne reached the kingdom of Ngoenyang, ruled by Lao Ngoenrueang. To prevent future succession conflicts, Lao Ngoenrueang made his older son, Lao Chin, an heir to the Ngoenyang throne, and sent his younger son, Chomtham (also called Chom Pharueang in some chronicle traditions) , to take empty throne of Phukamyao and found a new dynasty in Phayao.
Lao Ngoenrueang and Khun Chomtham gathered soldiers and commoners and traveled from Ngoenyang for 7 days to the city of Sakkawanrajathani. Some traditions of the Phayao Chronicle say they found the old capital abandoned. They decided to restore the old capital, as well as creating a new capital next to it, designing it off their home city Ngoenyang. The “two capitals of Phayao” would later be known as Wiang Namtao and Wiang Phayao respectively, now both parts of Phayao city.
After establishing the capital, Chomtham and Lao Ngoenrueang explored the inner mueang of Phayao (areas which are directly governed by Phayao City instead of subject lords), starting from the Yom river. There, they met a Rishi who helps them map out the inner polity. They also create a monument with three menhirs as proof of this event. Then, Chomtham reorganized the inner polity into a number of panna (either 12 or 36 depending on chronicle tradition). He demarcated the inner polity border based on natural landmarks he went to. He then recaptured rebellious cities and reunited the territory of Old Phukamyao into the Phayao Kingdom.
After ascending the Phayao throne, Chomtham went on to father 2 children, Chueang and Chong. After Chomtham pass away, Chueang would inherit the Phayao throne. 6 years after ascending the throne, Lao Chin of Ngoenyang called upon Chueang to help defend his kingdom from Kaew attacks, in exchange for the Ngoenyang throne and marrying his 2 daughters. Chueang thus abducated his throne to Chong, mentioning that if he does not return Chong shall inherit the throne, and rallied an army from across Phayao to defend Ngoenyang. he would later win the war and ascend the Ngoenyang throne, conquer Mueng Kaew, and finally dies in battle in 1192 at the age of 79.
After Chueang ascends the Ngoenyang throne, Chong ascends the throne as the 3rd king of the Phayao Kingdom. The Phayao Chronicle mentions that "Khun Chong ruled Phayao with Dasavidha-rājadhamma, making the kingdom very happy, for he had studied the Aparihaniyadhamma and Pavenidhamma from his father". Chong fathered 2 children, Lao Hoeng and Kaewwaenmueang. Lao Hoeng later ascended the Ngoenyang throne after Phaeng, the grandson of Chueang, died without an heir. The northern border cities of Chae Hiang, Chae Lung, Pakbong and Nongkwang was also transferred from Phayao to Ngoenyang along with this arrangement. Chong ruled Phayao for 20 years then died at the age of 69.
After the death of Chong, his younger son kaewwaenmeaung inherits the Phayao throne as the 4th king of Phayao Kingdom. The Phayao Chronicle follows this up with a long list of kings who ruled Phayao, each being a son of the former, as follows:
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Phayao Kingdom
The Phayao Kingdom (Northern Thai: ᨾᩮᩬᩥᨦᨻᩕ᩠ᨿᩣ᩠ᩅ), also known as Phukamyao (Northern Thai: ᨽᩪᨠᩣ᩠ᨾᨿᩣ᩠ᩅ), is a Tai kingdom centred around the city of Phayao from around the 11th-14th century AD.
Before Chomtham, the Phayao Chronicle mentions the polity of Old Phukamyao, centred around a city called Sakkawanrajathani, also called Mattharaj Pahurita or Singharaj (not to be confused with Singhanvati), ruled by Suthasom and Anuraj. After their death, the kingdom was left without a ruler for 3 years, and thus local nobility began exerting power over smaller cities within Phukamyao.
News of Sakkawanrajathani’s empty throne reached the kingdom of Ngoenyang, ruled by Lao Ngoenrueang. To prevent future succession conflicts, Lao Ngoenrueang made his older son, Lao Chin, an heir to the Ngoenyang throne, and sent his younger son, Chomtham (also called Chom Pharueang in some chronicle traditions) , to take empty throne of Phukamyao and found a new dynasty in Phayao.
Lao Ngoenrueang and Khun Chomtham gathered soldiers and commoners and traveled from Ngoenyang for 7 days to the city of Sakkawanrajathani. Some traditions of the Phayao Chronicle say they found the old capital abandoned. They decided to restore the old capital, as well as creating a new capital next to it, designing it off their home city Ngoenyang. The “two capitals of Phayao” would later be known as Wiang Namtao and Wiang Phayao respectively, now both parts of Phayao city.
After establishing the capital, Chomtham and Lao Ngoenrueang explored the inner mueang of Phayao (areas which are directly governed by Phayao City instead of subject lords), starting from the Yom river. There, they met a Rishi who helps them map out the inner polity. They also create a monument with three menhirs as proof of this event. Then, Chomtham reorganized the inner polity into a number of panna (either 12 or 36 depending on chronicle tradition). He demarcated the inner polity border based on natural landmarks he went to. He then recaptured rebellious cities and reunited the territory of Old Phukamyao into the Phayao Kingdom.
After ascending the Phayao throne, Chomtham went on to father 2 children, Chueang and Chong. After Chomtham pass away, Chueang would inherit the Phayao throne. 6 years after ascending the throne, Lao Chin of Ngoenyang called upon Chueang to help defend his kingdom from Kaew attacks, in exchange for the Ngoenyang throne and marrying his 2 daughters. Chueang thus abducated his throne to Chong, mentioning that if he does not return Chong shall inherit the throne, and rallied an army from across Phayao to defend Ngoenyang. he would later win the war and ascend the Ngoenyang throne, conquer Mueng Kaew, and finally dies in battle in 1192 at the age of 79.
After Chueang ascends the Ngoenyang throne, Chong ascends the throne as the 3rd king of the Phayao Kingdom. The Phayao Chronicle mentions that "Khun Chong ruled Phayao with Dasavidha-rājadhamma, making the kingdom very happy, for he had studied the Aparihaniyadhamma and Pavenidhamma from his father". Chong fathered 2 children, Lao Hoeng and Kaewwaenmueang. Lao Hoeng later ascended the Ngoenyang throne after Phaeng, the grandson of Chueang, died without an heir. The northern border cities of Chae Hiang, Chae Lung, Pakbong and Nongkwang was also transferred from Phayao to Ngoenyang along with this arrangement. Chong ruled Phayao for 20 years then died at the age of 69.
After the death of Chong, his younger son kaewwaenmeaung inherits the Phayao throne as the 4th king of Phayao Kingdom. The Phayao Chronicle follows this up with a long list of kings who ruled Phayao, each being a son of the former, as follows:
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