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Alaşehir
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Alaşehir
Alaşehir (Turkish pronunciation: [aˈɫaʃehiɾ]) is a municipality and district of Manisa Province, Turkey. Its area is 971 km2, and its population is 104,717 (2022). It is situated in the valley of the Kuzuçay (Cogamus in antiquity), at the foot of the Bozdağ Mountain (Mount Tmolus in antiquity). The town is connected to İzmir by a 105 km (65 mi) railway.
Founded in antiquity as Philadelphia (Greek: Φιλαδέλφεια, i.e., "the city of him who loves his brother"), the town was known as such until it was conquered by the Ottomans in 1390.
Alaşehir stands on elevated ground commanding the extensive and fertile plain of the Gediz River (Hermus in antiquity), presenting an imposing appearance when seen from a distance. It has about 45 mosques. There are small industries and a fair trade. From one of the mineral springs comes a heavily charged water popular around Turkey.
Within Turkey, the city's name is synonymous with the dried Sultana raisins, although cultivation for the fresh fruit market, less labour-intensive than the dried fruit, has gained prominence in recent decades. As Philadelphia, Alaşehir was a highly important center in the Early Christian and Byzantine periods. It remained a strong center of Orthodox Christianity until the early 20th century, and remains a titular see of the Roman Catholic Church.
The Turkish name Alaşehir, which translates as "multicolored town", is first attested in the memoir of the 13th-century historian Ibn Bibi. The town was founded by King Attalus II Philadelphus (r. 159–138 BC) of Pergamon with the Greek name "Philadelphia". According to numismatic evidence, Philadelphia was briefly given the Latin name "Neocaesarea" during the reigns of the Roman emperors Caligula (r. 37–41) and Claudius (r. 41–54). The town reverted to its original name Philadelphia after Claudius, but under Emperor Vespasian (r. 69–79), the town used the Latin appellation Flavia to honor the imperial house (i.e. "Flavia Philadelphia"). The town remained known as Philadelphia until the Ottoman conquest in 1390.
Philadelphia was historically located in Lydia near the northeast foot of Mount Tmolus (modern-day Bozdağ) in the rich valley of the Cogamis river, which was a southern tributary of the Hermus River (modern-day Gediz). It was located in southern Catacecaumene, on the road connecting Sardis and Laodicea. Philadelphia was well known for its vulnerability to earthquakes.
Ancient episcopal sees of the late Roman province of Lydia are listed in the Annuario Pontificio as titular sees:
Alaşehir began as perhaps one of the first ancient cities with the name Philadelphia. It was established in 189 BC by King Eumenes II of Pergamon (197–160 BC). Eumenes II named the city for the love of his brother, who would be his successor, Attalus II (159–138 BC), whose loyalty earned him the nickname, "Philadelphos", literally meaning "one who loves his brother". The city is perhaps best known as the site of one of the seven churches of Asia in the Book of Revelation.
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Alaşehir
Alaşehir (Turkish pronunciation: [aˈɫaʃehiɾ]) is a municipality and district of Manisa Province, Turkey. Its area is 971 km2, and its population is 104,717 (2022). It is situated in the valley of the Kuzuçay (Cogamus in antiquity), at the foot of the Bozdağ Mountain (Mount Tmolus in antiquity). The town is connected to İzmir by a 105 km (65 mi) railway.
Founded in antiquity as Philadelphia (Greek: Φιλαδέλφεια, i.e., "the city of him who loves his brother"), the town was known as such until it was conquered by the Ottomans in 1390.
Alaşehir stands on elevated ground commanding the extensive and fertile plain of the Gediz River (Hermus in antiquity), presenting an imposing appearance when seen from a distance. It has about 45 mosques. There are small industries and a fair trade. From one of the mineral springs comes a heavily charged water popular around Turkey.
Within Turkey, the city's name is synonymous with the dried Sultana raisins, although cultivation for the fresh fruit market, less labour-intensive than the dried fruit, has gained prominence in recent decades. As Philadelphia, Alaşehir was a highly important center in the Early Christian and Byzantine periods. It remained a strong center of Orthodox Christianity until the early 20th century, and remains a titular see of the Roman Catholic Church.
The Turkish name Alaşehir, which translates as "multicolored town", is first attested in the memoir of the 13th-century historian Ibn Bibi. The town was founded by King Attalus II Philadelphus (r. 159–138 BC) of Pergamon with the Greek name "Philadelphia". According to numismatic evidence, Philadelphia was briefly given the Latin name "Neocaesarea" during the reigns of the Roman emperors Caligula (r. 37–41) and Claudius (r. 41–54). The town reverted to its original name Philadelphia after Claudius, but under Emperor Vespasian (r. 69–79), the town used the Latin appellation Flavia to honor the imperial house (i.e. "Flavia Philadelphia"). The town remained known as Philadelphia until the Ottoman conquest in 1390.
Philadelphia was historically located in Lydia near the northeast foot of Mount Tmolus (modern-day Bozdağ) in the rich valley of the Cogamis river, which was a southern tributary of the Hermus River (modern-day Gediz). It was located in southern Catacecaumene, on the road connecting Sardis and Laodicea. Philadelphia was well known for its vulnerability to earthquakes.
Ancient episcopal sees of the late Roman province of Lydia are listed in the Annuario Pontificio as titular sees:
Alaşehir began as perhaps one of the first ancient cities with the name Philadelphia. It was established in 189 BC by King Eumenes II of Pergamon (197–160 BC). Eumenes II named the city for the love of his brother, who would be his successor, Attalus II (159–138 BC), whose loyalty earned him the nickname, "Philadelphos", literally meaning "one who loves his brother". The city is perhaps best known as the site of one of the seven churches of Asia in the Book of Revelation.
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