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Phom Naga

The Phoms are a Naga ethnic group native to the Northeast Indian state of Nagaland. Their traditional territory lies between the territories of Konyak in the north-east, the Ao in the west and the Chang in the south. Phoms celebrate several festivals in a year of which Monyiü is the biggest. It is celebrated from April 1 to 6 every year. Other traditional festivals include Moha, Bongvüm and Paangmo. They primarily inhabit the Longleng District.

A distinguished traditional Phom dish called 'Anphet' is famed among the community. It is especially made during the Monyiü festival and is of great cultural importance. One of the most significant occasion of the Phom Nagas is the celebration of "Phom Day" on June 6. It is celebrated every year commemorating the Peace Making Day that was signed in June 6, 1952 marking an end to all head hunting practices and enmity among the Phom Nagas. This day is also declared as public holiday for the Phoms by the state government.

Agriculture is the traditional occupation of the Phoms. They practices jhum cultivation. The Phoms also have a tradition of pottery, bamboo work and spinning.

The origin of the Phoms, like that of other Naga people, is uncertain. Some folklores similar to that of the Ao Nagas, states that their ancestors originated from stones. They also believe that their great ancestors lived in Yingnyiüshang (a mountain in Longleng) and separated to different villages following a saga in the Yingnyiü hills significant to the Phom's history.

Phom culture, tradition and language is closely related to the Konyak Nagas of Nagaland and the Wancho Nagas of Arunachal Pradesh.

After the advent of Christianity, many modern Phoms have adopted contemporary clothing, though traditional dress is worn during festivals. The traditional Phom dressing was indicative of the social status of the wearer. The ordinary clothing included a white (vihe-ashak) or a dark blue (nempong-ashak) shawl-like body wrap. A man who had taken a head or offered feasts had the privilege to wear a cowrie-ornamented shawl (fanet-henyü). The women used to wear skirts called shung-nang, which came in different colors, designs and bands.

Before arrival of Christianity, like the Konyaks and the Chang, they used to expose the dead bodies on raised platforms instead of burying them.

The Phoms have four major festivals, the most important of which is Monyü. The others are Moha, Bongvüm and Paangmo.

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