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Northeast India
Northeast India, officially the North Eastern Region (NER), is the easternmost region of India representing both a geographic and political administrative division of the country. It comprises eight states – Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland and Tripura (commonly known as the "Seven Sisters"), and the "Brother" state of Sikkim. North-east India is one of the most linguistically diverse regions in the world.
The region has India's international border of 5,182 kilometres (3,220 mi) with five neighbouring countries- China to the north, Myanmar to the east, Bangladesh to the south-west, Nepal to the west, and Bhutan to the north-west. It comprises an area of 262,184 square kilometres (101,230 sq mi), almost 8 per cent of that of India and has a population of 45,772,188, almost 4 percent that of India. The Siliguri Corridor connects the region to other parts of India.
Northeast is very rich in mineral wealth; in fact India's first oil well was dug in Northeast India in 1865, in Digboi in Assam. The region houses one of the notable ophiolites in the world.
The region has been highly strategic and it witnessed one of the fiercest battles in the Second World War, the Battle of Imphal and Kohima (1944) where the Japanese Forces and the Allied Forces were engaged in a pitched battle that saw thousands of casualties on both sides.
The states of North Eastern Region are officially recognised under the North Eastern Council (NEC), constituted in 1971 as the acting agency for the development of the north eastern states.Sikkim became a member of the North Eastern Council in 2002. India's Look-East connectivity projects connect Northeast India to East Asia and ASEAN.
The earliest settlers may have been Austroasiatic speakers from Southeast Asia, followed by Tibeto-Burman speakers from China, and by 500 BCE Indo-Aryan speakers from the Gangetic Plains as well as Kra–Dai speakers from southern Yunnan and Shan State. Due to the biodiversity and crop diversity of the region, archaeological researchers believe that early settlers of Northeast India had domesticated several important plants. Historians believe that the 100 BCE writings of Chinese explorer Zhang Qian indicate an early trade route via Northeast India. The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea mentions a people called Sêsatai in the region, who produced malabathron (cinnamon-like aromatic leaves, dried and used as a flavouring agent), so prized in the old world. Ptolemy's Geographia (2nd century CE) calls the region Kirrhadia, apparently after the Kirata population.
In the early historical period (most of the first millennium CE), Kamarupa straddled most of present-day Northeast India. Xuanzang, a travelling Chinese Buddhist monk, visited Kamarupa in the 7th century CE. He described the people as "short in stature and black-looking", whose speech differed a little from mid-India and who were of simple but violent disposition. He wrote that the people in Kamarupa knew of Sichuan, which lay to the kingdom's east beyond a treacherous mountain.
The northeastern states were established during the British Raj of the 19th and early 20th centuries, when they became relatively isolated from traditional trading partners such as Bhutan and Myanmar. Many of the peoples in present-day Mizoram, Meghalaya and Nagaland converted to Christianity under the influence of British (Welsh) missionaries.
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Northeast India
Northeast India, officially the North Eastern Region (NER), is the easternmost region of India representing both a geographic and political administrative division of the country. It comprises eight states – Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland and Tripura (commonly known as the "Seven Sisters"), and the "Brother" state of Sikkim. North-east India is one of the most linguistically diverse regions in the world.
The region has India's international border of 5,182 kilometres (3,220 mi) with five neighbouring countries- China to the north, Myanmar to the east, Bangladesh to the south-west, Nepal to the west, and Bhutan to the north-west. It comprises an area of 262,184 square kilometres (101,230 sq mi), almost 8 per cent of that of India and has a population of 45,772,188, almost 4 percent that of India. The Siliguri Corridor connects the region to other parts of India.
Northeast is very rich in mineral wealth; in fact India's first oil well was dug in Northeast India in 1865, in Digboi in Assam. The region houses one of the notable ophiolites in the world.
The region has been highly strategic and it witnessed one of the fiercest battles in the Second World War, the Battle of Imphal and Kohima (1944) where the Japanese Forces and the Allied Forces were engaged in a pitched battle that saw thousands of casualties on both sides.
The states of North Eastern Region are officially recognised under the North Eastern Council (NEC), constituted in 1971 as the acting agency for the development of the north eastern states.Sikkim became a member of the North Eastern Council in 2002. India's Look-East connectivity projects connect Northeast India to East Asia and ASEAN.
The earliest settlers may have been Austroasiatic speakers from Southeast Asia, followed by Tibeto-Burman speakers from China, and by 500 BCE Indo-Aryan speakers from the Gangetic Plains as well as Kra–Dai speakers from southern Yunnan and Shan State. Due to the biodiversity and crop diversity of the region, archaeological researchers believe that early settlers of Northeast India had domesticated several important plants. Historians believe that the 100 BCE writings of Chinese explorer Zhang Qian indicate an early trade route via Northeast India. The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea mentions a people called Sêsatai in the region, who produced malabathron (cinnamon-like aromatic leaves, dried and used as a flavouring agent), so prized in the old world. Ptolemy's Geographia (2nd century CE) calls the region Kirrhadia, apparently after the Kirata population.
In the early historical period (most of the first millennium CE), Kamarupa straddled most of present-day Northeast India. Xuanzang, a travelling Chinese Buddhist monk, visited Kamarupa in the 7th century CE. He described the people as "short in stature and black-looking", whose speech differed a little from mid-India and who were of simple but violent disposition. He wrote that the people in Kamarupa knew of Sichuan, which lay to the kingdom's east beyond a treacherous mountain.
The northeastern states were established during the British Raj of the 19th and early 20th centuries, when they became relatively isolated from traditional trading partners such as Bhutan and Myanmar. Many of the peoples in present-day Mizoram, Meghalaya and Nagaland converted to Christianity under the influence of British (Welsh) missionaries.