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Polycoria
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Polycoria
Polycoria is a pathological condition of the eye distinguished by more than one pupillary opening in the iris. It may be congenital or result from a disease affecting the iris. It results in decreased function of the iris and pupil, affecting the physical eye and visualization.
In the early history of China, double pupils were seen as a sign that a child would become a great king or sage.
Polycoria is extremely rare, and other conditions are frequently mistaken for it. Polycoria is often congenital, however not diagnosed until adulthood. The general cause of polycoria is unknown, but there are some other eye conditions that are in association with polycoria. These include (although not often) polar cataracts, glaucoma, abnormally long eyelashes, abnormal eye development, and poor vision.[citation needed]
There have been cases diagnosed from age 3 to adulthood. The prevalence of true polycoria is minimal. The two kinds of polycoria are true polycoria and pseudopolycoria.
There are no known or proposed trends in the occurrences of polycoria based on geographical location, age, gender, or season.
In cases of true polycoria, there is an extra pupil that tends to be reactive to light and medication. To be considered true polycoria, the extra pupil and the principal pupil must dilate, and contract simultaneously with triggers such as light, and administered drugs. The extraneous pupil is c. 2.5mm away from the principal pupil. In cases of true polycoria, there is an intact sphincter muscle, which contracts and dilates the pupils. In an eye without polycoria, the sphincter muscle is a part of the iris that functions to constrict and dilate the pupil.[better source needed] A patient with true polycoria experiences handicapped vision as well as stimulation of the retina in response to bright lights.
It is said that the term "true polycoria" is overused, and used correctly when addressing congenital deformations of the iris. Often "true polycoria" is used when it in fact is a case of pseudopolycoria.
Although less rare than true polycoria, pseudopolycoria is still very uncommon. In cases of pseudopolycoria there is a "passive constriction" that differentiates the extra pupil from the true pupil during constriction and dilation. The extra pupil in pseudopolycoria is different than the extra pupil in true polycoria because it shows defects that are independent of the sphincter muscles.[citation needed] Pseudopolycoria is often associated with Seckel syndrome, posterior polymorphous dystrophy, and juvenile glaucoma.
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Polycoria
Polycoria is a pathological condition of the eye distinguished by more than one pupillary opening in the iris. It may be congenital or result from a disease affecting the iris. It results in decreased function of the iris and pupil, affecting the physical eye and visualization.
In the early history of China, double pupils were seen as a sign that a child would become a great king or sage.
Polycoria is extremely rare, and other conditions are frequently mistaken for it. Polycoria is often congenital, however not diagnosed until adulthood. The general cause of polycoria is unknown, but there are some other eye conditions that are in association with polycoria. These include (although not often) polar cataracts, glaucoma, abnormally long eyelashes, abnormal eye development, and poor vision.[citation needed]
There have been cases diagnosed from age 3 to adulthood. The prevalence of true polycoria is minimal. The two kinds of polycoria are true polycoria and pseudopolycoria.
There are no known or proposed trends in the occurrences of polycoria based on geographical location, age, gender, or season.
In cases of true polycoria, there is an extra pupil that tends to be reactive to light and medication. To be considered true polycoria, the extra pupil and the principal pupil must dilate, and contract simultaneously with triggers such as light, and administered drugs. The extraneous pupil is c. 2.5mm away from the principal pupil. In cases of true polycoria, there is an intact sphincter muscle, which contracts and dilates the pupils. In an eye without polycoria, the sphincter muscle is a part of the iris that functions to constrict and dilate the pupil.[better source needed] A patient with true polycoria experiences handicapped vision as well as stimulation of the retina in response to bright lights.
It is said that the term "true polycoria" is overused, and used correctly when addressing congenital deformations of the iris. Often "true polycoria" is used when it in fact is a case of pseudopolycoria.
Although less rare than true polycoria, pseudopolycoria is still very uncommon. In cases of pseudopolycoria there is a "passive constriction" that differentiates the extra pupil from the true pupil during constriction and dilation. The extra pupil in pseudopolycoria is different than the extra pupil in true polycoria because it shows defects that are independent of the sphincter muscles.[citation needed] Pseudopolycoria is often associated with Seckel syndrome, posterior polymorphous dystrophy, and juvenile glaucoma.
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