Port Alexander, Alaska

Port Alexander (Lingít: Shee Yat’aḵ.aan) is a city and harbor at the southeastern corner of Baranof Island, Alaska. As of the 2020 census the population was 78, up from 52 in 2010. In the early part of the twentieth century it was one of the most important fishing ports in Alaska, supporting hundreds of small trolling boats. By one estimate, these boats caught in excess of 5 million pounds of salmon per year in the 1920's.

There is no written record of a permanent Tlingit settlement at Port Alexander. One translation of its Tlingit name, Haa Léelk'w Hás Aaní Saax'ú, is "Village beside Shee [Baranof Island]" which hints that it was some sort of dwelling place. The fact that there were native structures there in 1794 suggests that the Tlingit used the area in the pre-contact era in some capacity, perhaps as a summer fish camp.

George Vancouver anchored HMS Discovery and HMS Chatham in or near Ship Cove, a small bay on the southeast shore of Port Conclusion, on August 1, 1794. He sent two survey parties to explore northward in open boats while repairs were made on his ships. Ship Cove is only 1/4 mile from the inner harbor, also known as the back lagoon, of Port Alexander across a narrow neck of land. He wrote that "some of our gentlemen, who had made some excursions about the neighborhood" described reaching the site of Port Alexander. Vancouver made it clear that he did not see the site himself. He wrote:

The head of this cove [Ship Cove] approaches within the fourth of a mile of the head of another cove [Port Alexander], whose entrance on the outside [Chatham Strait] is about 2 miles to the south of the south point of this harbor [Port Conclusion]. In the entrance of that cove [Port Alexander] the depth is 7 fathoms, weeds were seen growing across it, and to the north of it is a small inlet with some rocks. The surrounding shores are generally steep and rocky, and were covered with wood nearly to the water's edge, but on the sides of the adjacent hills were some spots clear of trees, and chiefly occupied by a damp moist moorish soil, in which were several pools of water. The surface produced some berry bushes, but the fruit at this season of the year was not ripe....In the above cove [Port Alexander] on the west side were found a few deserted Indian habitations, which were the only ones that had been met with."

Vancouver's 1798 chart of southern Baranof Island shows the outline of Port Alexander.

Mikhail Dmitriyevich Tebenkov was the director of the Russian-American Company and governor of Russian America from 1845 to 1850. He was an officer in the Imperial Russian Navy and an expert surveyor and hydrographer. He produced one of the first detailed charts of Baranof Island. He is credited by one source with naming Port Alexander, speculating that he commemorated Alexander Baranof, the first governor of Russian Alaska. Tebenkov's 1849 map shows the outline of Port Alexander, but does not label it as such.

Port Alexander was visited occasionally by yachts, commercial vessels, and fishing boats in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In 1895 the 240-foot yacht Eleanor, owned by William A. Slater, stopped during an Alaskan cruise. In June 1898 Moran Brothers assembled a fleet of twelve paddlewheel steamers in Puget Sound. They sailed for St. Michael Alaska, to serve the Klondike gold rush trade on the Yukon River. The ships encountered a storm in which nine ships were reported damaged. The fleet put in to Port Alexander to make repairs on June 7 and sailed out on June 9, 1898. In January 1902 the tug Pilot and her tow anchored at Port Alexander to wait out a storm. During another storm in October 1905, the 223-foot steamship Santa Clara also used Port Alexander for refuge. Notwithstanding this history, the 1901 U.S. Coast Pilot reported that Port Alexander could "only be used by very small vessels and has an uninviting appearance."

Fishermen found Port Alexander advantageous. Salmon schooled in the ocean waters near Cape Ommaney prior to returning to their natal streams to spawn. At some times, this allowed for better fishing than in inside waters. The Bureau of Fisheries reported that 1913 was the first year of large scale fishing at Port Alexander. One estimate of the fishing fleet that year was 300 power boats, and 400 hand-trolling boats. In 1924, one official estimated that fishermen at Port Alexander would receive about $400,000 ($7.34 million in 2024) for their catch that summer. By 1925 the fleet was between 500 and 600 gas-powered boats.