The prime minister of Gabon (French: Premier ministre de la République gabonaise) was the head of government of Gabon.

The position was first created in 1960, upon the country's independence from France, but was soon abolished by a new constitution adopted on 21 February 1961. It was, however, restored by constitutional amendments enacted on 16 April 1975 and was also retained in the subsequent constitution adopted in 1991. The prime minister has been the head of government of Gabon from 1960 until 1961 (under a parliamentary system) and since 1981 (under a strong semi-presidential system). The President of Gabon was the country's head of government from 1961 until 1981 (until 1975 under a presidential system without a prime minister and then under a presidential system with a prime minister).

A total of thirteen people have served as Prime Minister, twelve men and one woman.

The role of Prime Minister as the Gabonese head of government was abolished due to the approval of a new constitution in a November 2024 referendum, following a transition period until the president elected in April 2025 was sworn in on 3 May 2025. Its duties were largely succeeded by a new role, Vice President of the Government, while the Vice President of the Republic continues as the deputy to the President and is first in the line of succession. The first appointee of this new role was Alexandre Barro Chambrier.

The President of the Republic nominates the Prime Minister.

The President may terminate the prime minister's post, of his initiative or by the prime minister's presentation of his or her resignation from the Government, or following a vote of disapproval or the adoption of a motion of censure by the National Assembly.

By proposal, the prime minister may nominate other members of the Government and terminate their posts.

The prime minister may stand in for the President by express authorization and for a determined agenda.