Rupert possessed a lifelong curiosity about science, technology, and invention. He conducted experiments and supported scientific endeavors.

Rupert is credited with discovering the unique properties of Prince Rupert's Drops - teardrop-shaped glass objects which can withstand tremendous pressure, yet shatter violently if the tail is broken. He demonstrated them to King Charles II and the Royal Society.

Rupert became a Fellow of the Royal Society, actively participating in its meetings and discussions. He contributed to the Society's knowledge of physics, chemistry, and other scientific fields.

Rupert dedicated a great amount of time to creating a better form of gunpowder. He developed a method of compressing gunpowder to make it more efficient.

Rupert worked to develop new alloys including a metal more suited for the production of cannons. He experimented on the properties and suitability of differend metals.

Rupert continued to experiment with explosives, metallurgy, and other materials throughout his later life, seeking to improve military technology and advance scientific knowledge.