Priscilla Reuel Tolkien

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Priscilla Reuel Tolkien

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Priscilla Mary Anne Reuel Tolkien (18 June 1929 – 28 February 2022) was a British literary preservationist and the youngest child of J. R. R. Tolkien.

Life

[edit]

Priscilla Tolkien was born on 18 June 1929, to J. R. R. Tolkien (1892–1973) and his wife, Edith Tolkien (1889–1971), being their youngest child and only daughter.^[1]

J. R. R. Tolkien was very devoted to his children and sent them illustrated letters from Father Christmas when they were young.^[2]

When Priscilla was 14, she helped her father by typing out some early chapters of The Lord of the Rings. The name of Frodo Baggins in the fourth draft of The Lord of the Rings was Bingo Bolger-Baggins, which was derived from a family of toy bears owned by Priscilla. She completed her B.A. degree in English at Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford, in 1951.^[3]

In July–August 1955, she accompanied her father on a two-week holiday in Italy. After that, she started living in Oxford away from her parents' house but still saw them frequently and started working as a probation officer in the city.^[4] She was also a social worker.

Priscilla Tolkien died on 28 February 2022, unmarried, at the age of 92. She was the last living child of J. R. R. Tolkien.^[1]^[5]

Tolkien legacy

[edit]

Tolkien wrote his last letter to Priscilla in August 1973.^[6] She was, until her death, the honorary vice-president of the Tolkien Society.^[7] She wrote an article titled "My Father the Artist" in December 1976 for Amon Hen, the bulletin of the Tolkien Society. After her eldest brother, John, returned to Oxford in 1987, the siblings began identifying and cataloging the large collection of family photographs. In 1992, she and John published the book The Tolkien Family Album, containing pictures of the Tolkien family, to celebrate the 100th birth anniversary of their father. The same year she unveiled a plaque at the Anglican Cathedral of St. Andrew and St. Michael commemorating the centenary birth anniversary celebrations of her father at his birthplace of Bloemfontein, South Africa. She launched the special Tolkien edition Royal Mail stamps commemorating her father's works in February 2004.^[8] In 2012, she, along with a coalition of British publishers, sued Warner Brothers for US$80 million in her capacity as a trustee of The Tolkien Trust, accusing them of exploiting Middle-earth characters to promote online gambling.^[9]

References

[edit]

^ ^a ^b "Priscilla Tolkien dies aged 92". TheOneRing.net. 1 March 2022. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
^ Carpenter, Humphrey (1977). J. R. R. Tolkien: A Biography. London: G. Allen & Unwin. ISBN 0-04-928037-6. OCLC 3046822.
^ Drout, Michael D. C., ed. (2007). J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia: Scholarship and Critical Assessment. New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-203-96151-3. OCLC 85770153.
^ Carpenter, Humphrey (1987). J. R. R. Tolkien: A Biography. Boston. ISBN 978-0-547-52442-9. OCLC 871537705.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^ "Priscilla Tolkien has died". Tolkien Society. 2 March 2022.
^ Beahm, George W. (2004). The Essential J.R.R. Tolkien Sourcebook : A Fan's Guide to Middle-earth and Beyond. Franklin Lakes, New Jersey: New Page Books. ISBN 1-4175-2602-5. OCLC 56126719.
^ "The Society". The Tolkien Society. 27 October 2016. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
^ "Royal Mail launches Rings stamps". BBC News. 25 February 2004. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
^ Sanchez, Raf (13 December 2014). "JRR Tolkien's daughter sues producers of The Hobbit". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 13 December 2014. Retrieved 7 March 2022.

v t e Tolkien family
J. R. R. Tolkien Edith Tolkien John Francis Reuel Tolkien Christopher Tolkien Mabel Suffield Tolkien Priscilla Reuel Tolkien Simon Tolkien Tim Tolkien

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Priscilla Mary Anne Reuel Tolkien (18 June 1929 – 28 February 2022) was an English social worker, educator, and literary trustee, best known as the only daughter and youngest child of the celebrated author J.R.R. Tolkien and his wife, Edith Bratt Tolkien.^[1] Born in Oxford, she grew up in a family deeply immersed in academic and creative pursuits, with three older brothers—John, Michael, and Christopher—who later contributed to their father's posthumous works.^[1] Her life bridged personal experiences of her father's storytelling, including exposure to early drafts of The Hobbit, with a professional path focused on social welfare and the stewardship of the Tolkien literary heritage.^[2] Tolkien pursued higher education at Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford, where she studied English from 1948 to 1951, followed by social sciences at the London School of Economics in the late 1950s.^[1] Her early career in the 1950s involved secretarial positions in Bristol and Birmingham, where encounters with urban poverty inspired a shift toward social work; she later served as a probation officer in Oxford.^[1] She returned to Oxford University to teach social work and extended her educational roles to High Wycombe College, Beechlawn Tutorial College—where she also taught English—and private tutoring in literature until 2005.^[1] In preserving her family's legacy, Tolkien co-authored The Tolkien Family Album (1992) with her brother John, a collection of family photographs and personal reminiscences that offered intimate insights into J.R.R. Tolkien's life.^[3] She served as a trustee of the Tolkien Estate and the Tolkien Trust, safeguarding her father's works, and was vice president of the Tolkien Society from 1986 until her death, regularly attending its Oxenmoot conventions.^[1] Her contributions extended the Tolkien narrative beyond fantasy literature into realms of social advocacy and familial scholarship, reflecting a commitment to both public service and cultural preservation.^[4]

Early life

Birth and family

Priscilla Mary Anne Reuel Tolkien was born on 18 June 1929 in Oxford, England, to John Ronald Reuel Tolkien and Edith Mary Bratt Tolkien.^[5] As the youngest and only daughter among four children, she had three older brothers: John Francis Reuel, born on 16 November 1917; Michael Hilary Reuel, born on 22 October 1920; and Christopher John Reuel, born on 21 November 1924.^[5] The Tolkien family lived in Oxford, immersed in an academic and literary atmosphere shaped by her father's position as the Rawlinson and Bosworth Professor of Anglo-Saxon at the University of Oxford, a role he held from 1925 to 1945.^[6] Edith Bratt Tolkien, born on 21 January 1889 in Gloucester, England, and orphaned in her youth, had converted to Roman Catholicism in January 1914 before marrying J.R.R. Tolkien in 1916; this established the family's devout Catholic faith, which profoundly influenced their religious upbringing.^[5]

Childhood

Priscilla Mary Anne Reuel Tolkien was born on 18 June 1929 at 22 Northmoor Road in Oxford, England, as the fourth and youngest child of J.R.R. Tolkien, a professor of Anglo-Saxon at the University of Oxford, and his wife Edith. Shortly thereafter, the family relocated to the adjacent property at 20 Northmoor Road, a semi-detached house where they would live until 1947, providing a stable home during her formative years.^[1]^[7] As the only daughter among three older brothers—John Francis (born 1917), Michael Hilary (born 1920), and Christopher John Reuel (born 1924)—Priscilla enjoyed a close family dynamic marked by shared intellectual pursuits and creative play in their Oxford household. The siblings often participated in their father's imaginative activities, fostering strong bonds amid the everyday routines of academic life. World War II profoundly affected the family starting in 1939, with rationing, air raid precautions, and later the emotional toll of Christopher's enlistment in the Royal Air Force as a pilot in 1943; by 1940, Priscilla, at age 11, was the only child still eagerly anticipating the annual illustrated letters from Father Christmas, which her father infused with poignant wartime references to goblins symbolizing the conflict.^[1]^[8] Priscilla's childhood was enriched by intimate storytelling sessions with her father, who habitually invented oral tales for his children to entertain and educate them. A beloved possession from this period was her stuffed teddy bear named Bingo, which directly inspired the original name of the protagonist in The Lord of the Rings—initially drafted as Bingo Bolger-Baggins before becoming Frodo Baggins.^[2]^[9]

Career

Education

Priscilla Tolkien received her secondary education at Oxford High School for Girls, following earlier attendance at the preparatory Rye St Antony School.^[10] She enrolled at Lady Margaret Hall, University of Oxford, in 1948 to study English, benefiting from an academic environment shaped by her father's prominent role as the Merton Professor of English Language and Literature, a position he held from 1945 to 1959 after previously serving as the Rawlinson and Bosworth Professor of Anglo-Saxon from 1925 to 1945.^[11]^[12] Tolkien graduated with a B.A. in English in 1951.^[13]

Professional work

Following her graduation from Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford, in 1951, Priscilla Tolkien took secretarial positions in Bristol and Birmingham in the early 1950s, where encounters with urban poverty inspired her shift toward social work. She briefly worked as a secretary before pursuing further studies in social sciences at the London School of Economics in the late 1950s. She then commenced her professional career as a probation officer in Oxford, applying her training to support individuals within the justice system.^[2]^[13]^[1] Priscilla Tolkien built a long-term career as a social worker in Oxford, emphasizing community support and rehabilitation services for at-risk populations. Her roles involved counseling and aiding those facing social challenges, such as offenders and vulnerable community members, through targeted interventions and ongoing assistance programs. This work underscored her commitment to practical public service in post-war Britain.^[1]^[11] Spanning several decades until her retirement, Priscilla Tolkien's dedication to social services extended to lecturing in social work at the University of Oxford and High Wycombe College, where she trained future professionals in the field. She also taught English at Beechlawn Tutorial College from 1971 and provided private tutoring in literature until 2005. She balanced these professional responsibilities with strong family obligations, serving as a close companion to her father during his final years.^[13]^[1]^[14]

Tolkien legacy

Contributions to father's works

As a teenager in the late 1940s, Priscilla Tolkien assisted her father, J.R.R. Tolkien, by typing out some of the early chapters of The Lord of the Rings from his longhand manuscripts, contributing to the preparation of the epic's text during its composition.^[2] She also influenced the naming of the protagonist; the character's initial moniker in drafts was Bingo Bolger-Baggins, drawn from Priscilla's cherished toy koala bear named Bingo, which her father adapted before settling on Frodo.^[2]^[13] As the only daughter in the Tolkien household, Priscilla was present for family discussions on Middle-earth lore while her father developed his legendarium, offering informal feedback amid the creative process that shaped works like The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings. (from The Tolkien Family Album) In 1976, three years after her father's death, Priscilla published the essay "My Father: The Artist" in Amon Hen, the bulletin of the Tolkien Society, where she reflected on J.R.R. Tolkien's creative process, artistic influences, and lifelong dedication to illustration as integral to his storytelling.^[15]

Public and organizational involvement

Following the death of her father J.R.R. Tolkien in 1973, Priscilla Tolkien became actively involved in preserving and promoting his literary legacy through public and organizational roles. As a trustee of the Tolkien Estate and the Tolkien Trust, she helped manage the family's intellectual property and charitable initiatives related to his works.^[1]^[16] In 1986, Priscilla Tolkien was appointed honorary vice-president of The Tolkien Society, a position she held until her death, where she supported scholarly research, fan events like Oxonmoot, and publications such as Amon Hen and Mallorn.^[1]^[2] She co-authored The Tolkien Family Album in 1992 with her brother John Francis Reuel Tolkien, a collection of family photographs, letters, and anecdotes that provided intimate insights into J.R.R. Tolkien's life and the family's history.^[17] That same year, Priscilla Tolkien traveled to Bloemfontein, South Africa—her father's birthplace—for the centenary celebrations of his birth, participating in commemorative events that honored his early life there. In February 2004, she launched the Royal Mail's commemorative stamp set marking the 50th anniversary of The Lord of the Rings publication, an event held at the Bodleian Library in Oxford that featured illustrations from her father's works.^[18] As a trustee, Priscilla Tolkien played a key role in the Tolkien Estate's 2012 lawsuit against Warner Bros., filed in the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California, alleging misuse of rights related to The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings in online games and gambling products; the case, in which she was a named plaintiff, was settled in 2017.^[19]^[20]

Later life and death

Personal life

Priscilla Tolkien never married and had no children, choosing instead to prioritize her family ties and professional commitments over personal partnerships. She maintained a low-profile lifestyle, focusing on her roles within the family and her career in social work and education.^[21]^[13] Throughout her adult life, Tolkien resided in Oxford, where she had grown up, fostering strong connections to the local community and the family's historical presence in the city. She lived at 67 Middle Way for nearly six decades, a home that reflected her enduring attachment to the area and allowed her to remain involved in family matters while pursuing her work nearby. Her professional commitments as a probation officer and later as a lecturer kept her rooted in Oxford, balancing personal stability with her dedication to public service.^[13]^[16] Following the death of her mother, Edith Tolkien, in 1971, Priscilla provided significant support to her father, J.R.R. Tolkien, serving as his close companion during his final years until his passing in 1973. She accompanied him to Buckingham Palace for his investiture as a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1972, underscoring her role in offering emotional and practical assistance during this period of grief.^[13] Tolkien outlived all three of her brothers, becoming the last surviving child of J.R.R. and Edith Tolkien: Michael Hilary Reuel Tolkien died in 1984, John Francis Reuel Tolkien in 2003, and Christopher John Reuel Tolkien in 2020. This longevity highlighted her central position in preserving family continuity amid successive losses.^[13]^[22]^[23]^[24]

Death

Priscilla Reuel Tolkien died on 28 February 2022 in Oxford, England, at the age of 92, following a short illness; no further public details on the cause were disclosed.^[1]^[11] The announcement was made by The Tolkien Society on 2 March 2022, confirming that she had passed away peacefully.^[1] As the youngest and last surviving child of J.R.R. Tolkien, her death marked the end of the immediate family generation connected directly to the author.^[1]^[2] This event symbolized a significant closure for the Tolkien lineage, with all four of J.R.R. Tolkien's children—John, Michael, Christopher, and Priscilla—now deceased.^[25] The Tolkien Society issued tributes highlighting her lifelong dedication to her father's literary legacy, describing her as "a kind, thoughtful and generous lady who was much loved by all who knew her."^[1] They noted her role as a vice-president of the society since 1986 and her active involvement as a trustee of the Tolkien Estate and Tolkien Trust, where she contributed to preserving and promoting her father's works.^[1] Her passing had implications for the Tolkien Estate, of which she had been a trustee since after her father's death in 1973; trusteeship continued under other family members and representatives to ensure ongoing management of the literary and intellectual property rights.^[1]^[2]

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