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Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory
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Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory
The former Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory (POL) is based in Brownlow Street, Liverpool, England. In April 2010, POL merged with the National Oceanography Centre, Southampton (NOCS) to form the National Oceanography Centre. The Liverpool laboratory's scientific research focuses on oceanography encompassing global sea-levels and geodesy, numerical modelling of continental shelf seas and coastal sediment processes. This research alongside activities of surveying, monitoring, data management and forecasting provides strategic support for the wider mission of the Natural Environment Research Council.
A leading world centre in tidal prediction (with related interests in earth tides and storm surges) and a leading European centre in modelling and forecasting shelf sea dynamics, it is home to the Coastal Observatory in Liverpool Bay; the National Tidal and Sea Level Facility, the Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level and the British Oceanographic Data Centre.
The history of tidal measurements taken at Liverpool starts with Jeremiah Horrocks (1619–1641) who was born and died at Toxteth. While he is most famous for predicting, and then observing, the transit of Venus in 1639 at Much Hoole near Preston, he also had a great interest in understanding ocean tides, and in particular in verifying that tidal changes were closely related to variations in the Moon's orbit. Shortly before his death, he is known to have made measurements of high waters (probably the times and perhaps also the heights of high tide) on the Mersey coast near his home for at least a month. Unfortunately, his tidal measurements (but not his astronomical records) were lost in the civil war or possibly in the Fire of London.[citation needed]
William Hutchinson (1716–1801) compiled the first extended set of sea level measurements in the UK, together with a comprehensive set of meteorological information. He established the Bidston Lighthouse in 1771. His measurements of the heights and times of every high water during 1764–1793 at the Liverpool Old Dock were of high quality and are still being used in scientific research today. Hutchinson's measurements of the tides during 1764–1767 were used by Richard and George Holden to derive the first reliable publicly accessible tide tables in the UK, first published in 1770 for over 200 years.[citation needed]
To mark Liverpool 2007 and 2008, POL together with colleagues at Brock University, Canada will produce a CD containing copies of all Hutchinson's tidal and meteorological data sets and background information on his life.
During the 19th century, the Mersey Docks and Harbour Board (MDHB) established a network of a dozen state-of-the-art sea level stations along the River Mersey, Dee and neighbouring coasts. They were used to provide the best possible tidal information to what became one of the most important ports in the British Empire, together with data for surveying and coastal engineering. The main Liverpool gauges were at George’s Pier, the present-day Pier Head, then Prince's Pier next to the ocean liner landing stage and now Gladstone Dock. Together these sites have provided data which make up the longest UK sea level record and one of the longest in the world. These data have been used to study long term changes in mean sea levels and in the sea level extreme levels which often result in flooding.
In 1845, the MDHB established the Liverpool Observatory at Waterloo Dock, Liverpool to provide all the tidal, meteorological and astronomical information required by ship owners.
In 1866, the expanding port resulted in the Observatory being relocated in 1866 to Bidston Hill on the Wirral, where Hutchinson had established Bidston Lighthouse in 1771. It was built with sandstone from excavating the deep cellars.
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Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory
The former Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory (POL) is based in Brownlow Street, Liverpool, England. In April 2010, POL merged with the National Oceanography Centre, Southampton (NOCS) to form the National Oceanography Centre. The Liverpool laboratory's scientific research focuses on oceanography encompassing global sea-levels and geodesy, numerical modelling of continental shelf seas and coastal sediment processes. This research alongside activities of surveying, monitoring, data management and forecasting provides strategic support for the wider mission of the Natural Environment Research Council.
A leading world centre in tidal prediction (with related interests in earth tides and storm surges) and a leading European centre in modelling and forecasting shelf sea dynamics, it is home to the Coastal Observatory in Liverpool Bay; the National Tidal and Sea Level Facility, the Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level and the British Oceanographic Data Centre.
The history of tidal measurements taken at Liverpool starts with Jeremiah Horrocks (1619–1641) who was born and died at Toxteth. While he is most famous for predicting, and then observing, the transit of Venus in 1639 at Much Hoole near Preston, he also had a great interest in understanding ocean tides, and in particular in verifying that tidal changes were closely related to variations in the Moon's orbit. Shortly before his death, he is known to have made measurements of high waters (probably the times and perhaps also the heights of high tide) on the Mersey coast near his home for at least a month. Unfortunately, his tidal measurements (but not his astronomical records) were lost in the civil war or possibly in the Fire of London.[citation needed]
William Hutchinson (1716–1801) compiled the first extended set of sea level measurements in the UK, together with a comprehensive set of meteorological information. He established the Bidston Lighthouse in 1771. His measurements of the heights and times of every high water during 1764–1793 at the Liverpool Old Dock were of high quality and are still being used in scientific research today. Hutchinson's measurements of the tides during 1764–1767 were used by Richard and George Holden to derive the first reliable publicly accessible tide tables in the UK, first published in 1770 for over 200 years.[citation needed]
To mark Liverpool 2007 and 2008, POL together with colleagues at Brock University, Canada will produce a CD containing copies of all Hutchinson's tidal and meteorological data sets and background information on his life.
During the 19th century, the Mersey Docks and Harbour Board (MDHB) established a network of a dozen state-of-the-art sea level stations along the River Mersey, Dee and neighbouring coasts. They were used to provide the best possible tidal information to what became one of the most important ports in the British Empire, together with data for surveying and coastal engineering. The main Liverpool gauges were at George’s Pier, the present-day Pier Head, then Prince's Pier next to the ocean liner landing stage and now Gladstone Dock. Together these sites have provided data which make up the longest UK sea level record and one of the longest in the world. These data have been used to study long term changes in mean sea levels and in the sea level extreme levels which often result in flooding.
In 1845, the MDHB established the Liverpool Observatory at Waterloo Dock, Liverpool to provide all the tidal, meteorological and astronomical information required by ship owners.
In 1866, the expanding port resulted in the Observatory being relocated in 1866 to Bidston Hill on the Wirral, where Hutchinson had established Bidston Lighthouse in 1771. It was built with sandstone from excavating the deep cellars.
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