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Przemyśl
Przemyśl (Polish: [ˈpʂɛmɨɕl] ⓘ) is a city in southeastern Poland with 56,466 inhabitants, as of December 2023. In 1999, it became part of the Subcarpathian Voivodeship. It was previously the capital of Przemyśl Voivodeship.
Przemyśl owes its long and rich history to the advantages of its geographic location. The city lies in an area connecting mountains and lowlands known as the Przemyśl Gate (Brama Przemyska), with open lines of transport, and fertile soil. It also lies on the navigable San River. Important trade routes that connect Central Europe from Przemyśl ensure the city's importance. The Old Town of Przemyśl is listed as a Historic Monument of Poland.
Since the start of the Russian invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022, Przemyśl has been a point of refuge for many Ukrainians, as it is located near the Poland–Ukraine border and serves as the end point of the Lviv–Przemyśl railway junction.
Different names in various languages have identified the city throughout its history. Selected languages include: Czech: Přemyšl; German: Premissel, Prömsel, Premslen; Latin: Premislia; Russian: Перемышль (Peremyšl'); Ukrainian: Перемишль (Peremyshlj) and Пшемисль (Pshemyslj); and Yiddish: פּשעמישל (Pshemishl).
Przemyśl is the second-oldest city (after Kraków) in southeastern Poland, dating back to the 8th century. It was the site of a fortified gord belonging to the Lędzianie (Lendians), a West Slavic tribe. In the 9th century, the fortified settlement and the surrounding region became part of Great Moravia. Most likely, the city's name dates back to the Moravian period.[citation needed] Also, archeological remains testify to the presence of a Christian monastic settlement as early as the 9th century.[citation needed]
Upon the invasion of the Hungarian tribes into the heart of the Great Moravian Empire around 899, the local Lendians declared allegiance to the Hungarians.[citation needed] The region then became a site of contention between Poland, Kievan Rus and Hungary beginning in at least the 9th century, with Przemyśl along with other Cherven Grods, falling under the control of the Polans (Polanie), who would in the 10th century under the rule of Mieszko I establish the Polish state. When Mieszko I annexed the tribal area of Lendians in 970–980, Przemyśl became an important local centre on the eastern frontier of Piast's realm.
The city was mentioned by Nestor the Chronicler, when in 981 it was captured by Vladimir I of Kiev. In 1018, Przemyśl returned to Poland, and in 1031 it was retaken by the Rus'. Around the year 1069, Przemyśl again returned to Poland, after Bolesław II the Generous retook the town and temporarily made it his residence. In 1085, the town became the capital of a semi-independent Principality of Peremyshl under the lordship of Kievan Rus'.
The palatium complex including a Latin rotunda was built during the rule of the Polish king Bolesław I the Brave in the 11th century. Sometime before 1218, an Orthodox eparchy was founded in the city. Przemyśl later became part of the Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia, during which it became the starting point for the Bârlad Trail. From 1246 onwards, like all of Kyivan Rus, Przemyśl was under Mongol suzerainty.
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Przemyśl
Przemyśl (Polish: [ˈpʂɛmɨɕl] ⓘ) is a city in southeastern Poland with 56,466 inhabitants, as of December 2023. In 1999, it became part of the Subcarpathian Voivodeship. It was previously the capital of Przemyśl Voivodeship.
Przemyśl owes its long and rich history to the advantages of its geographic location. The city lies in an area connecting mountains and lowlands known as the Przemyśl Gate (Brama Przemyska), with open lines of transport, and fertile soil. It also lies on the navigable San River. Important trade routes that connect Central Europe from Przemyśl ensure the city's importance. The Old Town of Przemyśl is listed as a Historic Monument of Poland.
Since the start of the Russian invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022, Przemyśl has been a point of refuge for many Ukrainians, as it is located near the Poland–Ukraine border and serves as the end point of the Lviv–Przemyśl railway junction.
Different names in various languages have identified the city throughout its history. Selected languages include: Czech: Přemyšl; German: Premissel, Prömsel, Premslen; Latin: Premislia; Russian: Перемышль (Peremyšl'); Ukrainian: Перемишль (Peremyshlj) and Пшемисль (Pshemyslj); and Yiddish: פּשעמישל (Pshemishl).
Przemyśl is the second-oldest city (after Kraków) in southeastern Poland, dating back to the 8th century. It was the site of a fortified gord belonging to the Lędzianie (Lendians), a West Slavic tribe. In the 9th century, the fortified settlement and the surrounding region became part of Great Moravia. Most likely, the city's name dates back to the Moravian period.[citation needed] Also, archeological remains testify to the presence of a Christian monastic settlement as early as the 9th century.[citation needed]
Upon the invasion of the Hungarian tribes into the heart of the Great Moravian Empire around 899, the local Lendians declared allegiance to the Hungarians.[citation needed] The region then became a site of contention between Poland, Kievan Rus and Hungary beginning in at least the 9th century, with Przemyśl along with other Cherven Grods, falling under the control of the Polans (Polanie), who would in the 10th century under the rule of Mieszko I establish the Polish state. When Mieszko I annexed the tribal area of Lendians in 970–980, Przemyśl became an important local centre on the eastern frontier of Piast's realm.
The city was mentioned by Nestor the Chronicler, when in 981 it was captured by Vladimir I of Kiev. In 1018, Przemyśl returned to Poland, and in 1031 it was retaken by the Rus'. Around the year 1069, Przemyśl again returned to Poland, after Bolesław II the Generous retook the town and temporarily made it his residence. In 1085, the town became the capital of a semi-independent Principality of Peremyshl under the lordship of Kievan Rus'.
The palatium complex including a Latin rotunda was built during the rule of the Polish king Bolesław I the Brave in the 11th century. Sometime before 1218, an Orthodox eparchy was founded in the city. Przemyśl later became part of the Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia, during which it became the starting point for the Bârlad Trail. From 1246 onwards, like all of Kyivan Rus, Przemyśl was under Mongol suzerainty.