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Conversion disorder
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Conversion disorder
Conversion disorder (CD) was a formerly diagnosed psychiatric disorder characterized by abnormal sensory experiences and movement problems during periods of high psychological stress. Individuals diagnosed with CD presented with highly distressing neurological symptoms such as numbness, blindness, paralysis, or convulsions, none of which were consistent with a well-established organic cause and could be traced back to a psychological trigger. CD is no longer a diagnosis in the WHO's ICD-11 or APA's DSM-5 and was superseded by functional neurologic disorder (FND), a similar diagnosis that notably removed the requirement for a psychological stressor to be present.
It was thought that these symptoms arise in response to stressful situations affecting a patient's mental health. Individuals diagnosed with conversion disorder have a greater chance of experiencing certain psychiatric disorders including anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and personality disorders compared to those diagnosed with neurological disorders.
Conversion disorder was partly retained in the DSM-5-TR and ICD-11, but was renamed to functional neurological symptom disorder (FNSD) and dissociative neurological symptom disorder (DNSD), respectively. FNSD covers a similar range of symptoms found in conversion disorder, but does not include the requirements for a psychological stressor to be present. The new criteria no longer require feigning to be disproven before diagnosing FNSD. A fifth criterion describing a limitation in sexual functioning that was included in the DSM-IV was removed in the DSM-5 as well. The ICD-11 classifies DNSD as a dissociative disorder with unspecified neurological symptoms.
Conversion disorder presented with symptoms following exposure to a certain stressor, typically associated with trauma or psychological distress. Usually, the physical symptoms of the disorder affect the senses or movement. Common symptoms included blindness, partial or total paralysis, inability to speak, deafness, numbness, difficulty swallowing, incontinence, balance problems, non-epileptic seizures, tremors, and difficulty walking. Feelings of breathlessness were said to have possibly indicated conversion disorder or sleep paralysis.
Sleep paralysis and narcolepsy can be ruled out with sleep tests. These symptoms were attributed to conversion disorder when a medical explanation for the conditions cannot be found. Symptoms of conversion disorder usually occur suddenly. Conversion disorder was typically observed in people ages 10 to 35, affecting between 0.011% and 0.5% of the general population.
Conversion disorder presented motor or sensory symptoms including:
Motor symptoms or deficits:
Sensory symptoms or deficits:
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Conversion disorder
Conversion disorder (CD) was a formerly diagnosed psychiatric disorder characterized by abnormal sensory experiences and movement problems during periods of high psychological stress. Individuals diagnosed with CD presented with highly distressing neurological symptoms such as numbness, blindness, paralysis, or convulsions, none of which were consistent with a well-established organic cause and could be traced back to a psychological trigger. CD is no longer a diagnosis in the WHO's ICD-11 or APA's DSM-5 and was superseded by functional neurologic disorder (FND), a similar diagnosis that notably removed the requirement for a psychological stressor to be present.
It was thought that these symptoms arise in response to stressful situations affecting a patient's mental health. Individuals diagnosed with conversion disorder have a greater chance of experiencing certain psychiatric disorders including anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and personality disorders compared to those diagnosed with neurological disorders.
Conversion disorder was partly retained in the DSM-5-TR and ICD-11, but was renamed to functional neurological symptom disorder (FNSD) and dissociative neurological symptom disorder (DNSD), respectively. FNSD covers a similar range of symptoms found in conversion disorder, but does not include the requirements for a psychological stressor to be present. The new criteria no longer require feigning to be disproven before diagnosing FNSD. A fifth criterion describing a limitation in sexual functioning that was included in the DSM-IV was removed in the DSM-5 as well. The ICD-11 classifies DNSD as a dissociative disorder with unspecified neurological symptoms.
Conversion disorder presented with symptoms following exposure to a certain stressor, typically associated with trauma or psychological distress. Usually, the physical symptoms of the disorder affect the senses or movement. Common symptoms included blindness, partial or total paralysis, inability to speak, deafness, numbness, difficulty swallowing, incontinence, balance problems, non-epileptic seizures, tremors, and difficulty walking. Feelings of breathlessness were said to have possibly indicated conversion disorder or sleep paralysis.
Sleep paralysis and narcolepsy can be ruled out with sleep tests. These symptoms were attributed to conversion disorder when a medical explanation for the conditions cannot be found. Symptoms of conversion disorder usually occur suddenly. Conversion disorder was typically observed in people ages 10 to 35, affecting between 0.011% and 0.5% of the general population.
Conversion disorder presented motor or sensory symptoms including:
Motor symptoms or deficits:
Sensory symptoms or deficits: