Punpun River

The Punpun River is a tributary of the Ganges. It originates in Palamu district of Jharkhand and flows through Chatra, Gaya, AurangabadJehanabad and Patna districts of the Indian states of Jharkhand and Bihar. Punpun is a place named after the Punpun river in Patna which is situated on the bank of Punpun river. On the bank of Punpun people celebrate Chhath Puja.

The Punpun originates on the Chota Nagpur Plateau, at an elevation of 300 metres (980 ft). The river mostly flows in a north-east direction passes through many villages including Uphara and joins the Ganges at Fatuha, 25 kilometres (16 mi) downstream of Patna.

Many towns such as Sigori are located on the banks of the river.

The main tributaries of the Punpun are – the Butane, the Madar and the Mohar.

The 200 kilometres (120 mi) long river is mostly rainfed and carries little water in the dry season. However, during rains, the Punpun often causes heavy flood damages east of Patna city. The catchment area of the Punpun is 8,530 square kilometres (3,290 sq mi). Agricultural area in the Punpun basin is about 5,000 square kilometres (1,900 sq mi). The average annual rainfall for the basin is 1,181 millimetres (46.5 in).

The Punpun river is believed to have originated with the blessings of Brahma.

It is said in Garuda Purana that in ancient times, sages Sanak, Sanandan, Sanatan, Kapil and Panchshikh were performing severe penance in the Palamu forest of the southern part of Keekat (Magadh) state (present-day Jharkhand). Pleased with the penance, Brahma appeared. The sages searched for water to wash Brahma's feet. When they did not find water, the sages collected their sweat. When the sweat was kept in the kamandal, the kamandal would turn upside down. In this way, due to repeated turning of the kamandal, the word Punpuna(पुनः पुना) came out of Brahma's mouth involuntarily. After this, an endless stream of water came out from there. Due to this, the sages named it Punpuna(पुनः पुना), which is now famous as Punpun(पुनपुन ). At that time, Brahma had said that whoever performs Pind daan on the banks of this river will send his ancestors to heaven. Brahmaji had said about the Punpun river that ""पुनःपुना सर्व नदीषु पुण्या, सदावह स्वच्छ जला शुभ प्रदा". Since then, the tradition of offering the first pind daan on the banks of the Punpun river during Pitru Paksha has been going on for centuries.

According to the belief, before performing Shraddha Tarpan and Pind Daan of ancestors in the international religious city of Gaya, it is necessary to perform Pind Daan in Punpun river. Pind Daan in Gaya is considered complete only after performing Pind Daan in Punpun river.