Purvanchal (lit. 'Eastern region') is the region of eastern Uttar Pradesh. Purvanchal is also a proposed state in India, encompassing 32 eastern districts of Uttar Pradesh.  The proposal, introduced in the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly in 2011 by then Chief Minister Mayawati, aimed to divide Uttar Pradesh into four smaller states for improved administration and governance.  The proposal was rejected by the central government.

Since the late 20th century, there has been a demand for a separate Purvanchal state, carved out of the state of Uttar Pradesh. Bhojpuri as the official language of Purvanchal state. Later, the issue of constitutional recognition of Bhojpuri came up when the constitution came into force. Rahul demanded for a separate Bhojpuri state by joining the Bhojpuri speaking regions of Bihar, United Provinces (now Uttar Pradesh) and Madhya Pradesh.

It is predominantly Bhojpuri-speaking region with several dialects. Western Bhojpuri prevalent in the areas of Varanasi, Chandauli, Azamgarh, Mirzapur (eastern parts), Sonbhadra (northern parts), Jaunpur (eastern parts), Ghazipur (western parts) and Mau (western parts). Northern Bhojpuri is prevalent in Gorakhpur, Sant Kabir Nagar, Siddharthnagar, Maharajganj, Deoria, Ambedkar Nagar and Kushinagar. Southern Bhojpuri is prevalent in Ballia, Ghazipur (eastern parts) and Mau (eastern parts).