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Qavurt
Kara Arslan Ahmad Qavurt (died 1073), better simply known as Qavurt (also spelled Kavurt) was a Seljuq Prince and the first shah of the Kerman Seljuk Sultanate. Upon his brother's death, he led an unsuccessful rebellion against his nephew in an attempt to gain the Seljuk throne.
The Seljuq dynasty was a Turkic Sunni Muslim dynasty that established both the Seljuq Empire and Sultanate of Rum, which at their total height stretched from Anatolia through Persia. Qavurt was the son of Çağrı Bey, who was the grandson of Seljuk, the founder of the dynasty. Qavurt's brother Alp Arslan succeeded his uncle Tuğrul as the new sultan and Qavurt then the governor of Kirman (south Persia) waited for his turn.
After the death of 'Adud al-Dawla on 26 March 983, the Buyid dynasty rapidly weakened due to succession conflicts and external threats. The Buyid dynasty, which had weakned by the reign of Abu Kalijar, was losing territories and was unable to maintain its suzerainty in occupied regions. Following the conquest of Khorasan and the establishment of the Great Seljuk state, Toghrul Bey, the Sultan of the Great Seljuk state, assigned the division of conquered territories among his brothers and nephews and delegated to them the task of conquering new regions. His primary goals were, first, to consolidate his authority over the territories he had already brought under his control, and second, to rapidly expand Seljuk power by subjugating additional regions. Thus, the empire was divided into provinces, and each trusted relative was not only assigned a province to govern but also tasked with the conquest of neighboring lands. Chaghri Beg, as the eldest brother, made Merv and Khorasan his base; and Musa Yabugu was appointed over Bust, Herat, and Sistan.
Qavurt, the son of Chaghri Beg, chose Nahavand and Kerman. Qavurt, on the orders of Sultan Tuğrul Bey, moved to this region with the Oghuz Turks under his command. Though, he defeated the Buyid ruler’s army in Kerman and Makran in around 1041 CE and brought Kerman under his control, some of his attacks were repelled by Kalijar around 1042. A few years later, Qavurt, personally leading an army of 5,000-6,000 men, moved towards Northern Kerman. Realizing he could not resist the Seljuk forces, the Buyid governor, Bahram b. Lashkaristan, retreated to Bardasir. He gradually surrendered the city to Qavurt, seeking protection in 1048. There, he laid the foundations of his own new sultanate in around 1048 CE and became its de facto ruler as a subject of Tughril I. When Abu Kalijar set out to drive the Seljuks out of the region, he died at the Hannab Fortress on the way, and the Buyid forces retreated.
The southern part of Kerman, called Germsir, was under the control of a bandit tribe called the Kufs. Qavurt Bey suppressed the Kufs in the mountains east of Kerman, destroying most of them, subsequently capturing Southern Kerman. Following this success, Badr Isa, the emir of Hormuz, submitted to the Seljuk Sultanate of Kerman.
As a result of a rebellion by Ibrahim Yinal, the Seljuk Sultan Tughril I, who was in a difficult situation, asked for help from his brother Chaghri. Chaghri responded to this request for help by sending an army under the command of his sons Alp Arslan, Qavurt, and Yakuti. The army under the command of Ibrahim Yinal and his nephews Mehmed and Ahmed, and the army under the command of Alp Arslan, Qavurt, and Yakuti encountered each other near Rey. Ibrahim Yinal and his nephews, who lost the battle, were taken prisoner.
With the death of Tughril I on 4 September 1063, chaos enrolled within the Great Seljuk State. Suleiman, Qutalmish and Alp Arslan subsequently engaged in a war of succession. Qavurt allegedly participated with Qutalmish in the Battle of Damghan (1063) in an attempt to seize the throne during Alp Arslan's struggle against Suleiman, the son of Chaghri Bey. The latter was defeated and executed while the former made an agreement with the Sultan, securing his rule in Kerman as his de jure vassal.
Qavurt, then the governor of Kerman, had invaded Fars in 1053/1062 and brought it under his control. Hence, he fell into an argument with Fadluya, the governor of Shiraz who then controlled Fars. Seeking support, Fadluya turned to Qavurt's brother Alp Arslan, offering an annual tribute of 27 million dirhams in return for the Seljuks letting him remain ruler of Fars. Alp Arslan, following his campaign in the nortwest, launched an expedition against Qavurt. During an attack by Alp Arslan's army, Qavurt's soldiers were defeated and pleaded for mercy. Qavurt fled and his loyalists were imprisoned. Thereafter, Alp Arslan appointed Fadluya as governor of Fars and went to Isfahan. Hence, Qavurt lost all his territories that he controlled in Fars.
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Qavurt
Kara Arslan Ahmad Qavurt (died 1073), better simply known as Qavurt (also spelled Kavurt) was a Seljuq Prince and the first shah of the Kerman Seljuk Sultanate. Upon his brother's death, he led an unsuccessful rebellion against his nephew in an attempt to gain the Seljuk throne.
The Seljuq dynasty was a Turkic Sunni Muslim dynasty that established both the Seljuq Empire and Sultanate of Rum, which at their total height stretched from Anatolia through Persia. Qavurt was the son of Çağrı Bey, who was the grandson of Seljuk, the founder of the dynasty. Qavurt's brother Alp Arslan succeeded his uncle Tuğrul as the new sultan and Qavurt then the governor of Kirman (south Persia) waited for his turn.
After the death of 'Adud al-Dawla on 26 March 983, the Buyid dynasty rapidly weakened due to succession conflicts and external threats. The Buyid dynasty, which had weakned by the reign of Abu Kalijar, was losing territories and was unable to maintain its suzerainty in occupied regions. Following the conquest of Khorasan and the establishment of the Great Seljuk state, Toghrul Bey, the Sultan of the Great Seljuk state, assigned the division of conquered territories among his brothers and nephews and delegated to them the task of conquering new regions. His primary goals were, first, to consolidate his authority over the territories he had already brought under his control, and second, to rapidly expand Seljuk power by subjugating additional regions. Thus, the empire was divided into provinces, and each trusted relative was not only assigned a province to govern but also tasked with the conquest of neighboring lands. Chaghri Beg, as the eldest brother, made Merv and Khorasan his base; and Musa Yabugu was appointed over Bust, Herat, and Sistan.
Qavurt, the son of Chaghri Beg, chose Nahavand and Kerman. Qavurt, on the orders of Sultan Tuğrul Bey, moved to this region with the Oghuz Turks under his command. Though, he defeated the Buyid ruler’s army in Kerman and Makran in around 1041 CE and brought Kerman under his control, some of his attacks were repelled by Kalijar around 1042. A few years later, Qavurt, personally leading an army of 5,000-6,000 men, moved towards Northern Kerman. Realizing he could not resist the Seljuk forces, the Buyid governor, Bahram b. Lashkaristan, retreated to Bardasir. He gradually surrendered the city to Qavurt, seeking protection in 1048. There, he laid the foundations of his own new sultanate in around 1048 CE and became its de facto ruler as a subject of Tughril I. When Abu Kalijar set out to drive the Seljuks out of the region, he died at the Hannab Fortress on the way, and the Buyid forces retreated.
The southern part of Kerman, called Germsir, was under the control of a bandit tribe called the Kufs. Qavurt Bey suppressed the Kufs in the mountains east of Kerman, destroying most of them, subsequently capturing Southern Kerman. Following this success, Badr Isa, the emir of Hormuz, submitted to the Seljuk Sultanate of Kerman.
As a result of a rebellion by Ibrahim Yinal, the Seljuk Sultan Tughril I, who was in a difficult situation, asked for help from his brother Chaghri. Chaghri responded to this request for help by sending an army under the command of his sons Alp Arslan, Qavurt, and Yakuti. The army under the command of Ibrahim Yinal and his nephews Mehmed and Ahmed, and the army under the command of Alp Arslan, Qavurt, and Yakuti encountered each other near Rey. Ibrahim Yinal and his nephews, who lost the battle, were taken prisoner.
With the death of Tughril I on 4 September 1063, chaos enrolled within the Great Seljuk State. Suleiman, Qutalmish and Alp Arslan subsequently engaged in a war of succession. Qavurt allegedly participated with Qutalmish in the Battle of Damghan (1063) in an attempt to seize the throne during Alp Arslan's struggle against Suleiman, the son of Chaghri Bey. The latter was defeated and executed while the former made an agreement with the Sultan, securing his rule in Kerman as his de jure vassal.
Qavurt, then the governor of Kerman, had invaded Fars in 1053/1062 and brought it under his control. Hence, he fell into an argument with Fadluya, the governor of Shiraz who then controlled Fars. Seeking support, Fadluya turned to Qavurt's brother Alp Arslan, offering an annual tribute of 27 million dirhams in return for the Seljuks letting him remain ruler of Fars. Alp Arslan, following his campaign in the nortwest, launched an expedition against Qavurt. During an attack by Alp Arslan's army, Qavurt's soldiers were defeated and pleaded for mercy. Qavurt fled and his loyalists were imprisoned. Thereafter, Alp Arslan appointed Fadluya as governor of Fars and went to Isfahan. Hence, Qavurt lost all his territories that he controlled in Fars.
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