Christianity is the largest religion in Rwanda, with Protestantism and Catholicism being its main denominations. Around 3% of the population claims no religious affiliation, while another 3% practices other religions including traditional faiths. Approximately 2% of the populace is Muslim (mainly Sunni).

There is also a small population of Baha'is, as well as some practising traditional indigenous beliefs. There has been a proliferation of small, usually Christian-linked schismatic religious groups since the 1994 genocide.

There are small communities of Hindus and Buddhists, comprising mostly foreign adherents, typically businessmen from China and India as well as university professors and students. Neither religion seriously attempts conversion in Rwanda; although, there is a Hindu Temple of Rwanda as a place of worship.

The Constitution of Rwanda provides for freedom of religion, and the Government generally respects this right in practice.

Foreign missionaries are allowed to operate in the country, but must register for a residency permit.

In 2023, the country was scored 2 out of 4 for religious freedom; it was noted that government policies are getting stricter.

The national census from 2012, the Fourt Rwanda Population and Housing Census, indicated that: 43.7% of Rwanda's population was Catholic, 37.7% was Protestant, 11.8% was Seventh-day Adventist, 2.0% was Muslim, 2.5% claimed no religious affiliation, and 0.7% was Jehovah's Witness. The remainder had another religion or did not state one.

There are just over five million Catholics in Rwanda - about half of the total population. The country is divided into nine dioceses including one archdiocese.