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Remington Model 870
Remington Model 870
Remington Model 870
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The Remington Model 870 is a pump-action shotgun manufactured by Remington Arms Company, LLC. which has become one of their most popular firearms to this day. It is widely used by the public for shooting sports, hunting and self-defense, as well as by law enforcement and military organizations worldwide.[4]

Key Information

Development

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The Remington 870 was the fourth major design in a series of Remington pump shotguns. John Pedersen designed the fragile Remington Model 10 (and later the improved Remington Model 29). John Browning designed the Remington Model 17 (which was later adapted by Ithaca into the Ithaca 37), which served as the basis for the Remington 31. The Model 31 was marketed as the “ball-bearing repeater” and was well-received, but its many machined and hand-fitted parts made the gun expensive to manufacture. Consequently, it struggled in sales compared to the Winchester Model 12. To achieve better sales, Remington produced the Model 870 in 1950, which was more modern and reliable in its construction, easy to take apart and maintain, and relatively inexpensive.[5][6]

The 870 was a commercial success. Remington sold two million guns by 1973 (ten times the number of Model 31 shotguns it replaced). As of 1983, the 870 held the record for the best-selling shotgun in history, with three million sold.[7] By 1996, spurred by sales of the basic "Express" models, which were added as a lower-cost alternative to the original Wingmaster line, sales topped seven million guns. On April 13, 2009, the ten millionth Model 870 was produced.[8]

Design details

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The 870 features a bottom-loading, side ejecting receiver and a tubular magazine under the barrel. The gun comes with a plug for migratory bird hunting which reduces the magazine's capacity to two[9] rounds. It has dual action bars, internal hammer, and a bolt which locks into an extension in the barrel. The action, receiver, fire control group, safety catch and slide release catch of the Remington Model 870 shotgun are similar to those used on the Remington Model 7600 series pump-action centerfire rifles and carbines. The basic fire control group design was first used in the automatic 11–48.[10] Twelve gauge stocks will also interchange on the older 12-gauge-sized 20-gauge receivers, although modification is needed to fit the smaller sized 20-gauge receivers employed since the late 1970s. Several parts of the 870, such as buttstocks and magazine tubes, will interchange with the semi-automatic Remington 1100 and 11–87.[11]

The original 870 models were offered with fixed chokes. In 1986 Remington introduced the new Remington "Rem Choke" system of screw-in chokes (also fitted to Remington model 1100 auto-loading shotguns at the same time). Initially, the Rem Chokes were offered only in 12 gauge in barrel lengths of 21, 26 and 28 in (530, 660 and 710 mm). The following year the availability was expanded to the 20 gauge and included other barrel lengths.[12]

The 870's production for over 30 years had a design flaw whereby a user could fail to press a shell all the way into the magazine when loading – so that the shell latch did not engage the shell – which could result in tying up the gun. This was caused by the shell slipping out of the magazine under the bolt in the receiver to bind the action, requiring rough treatment of the action or even disassembly. The potential issue was resolved with the introduction of the "Flexi Tab" carrier. Guns with this modification can be identified by the U-shaped cut-out on the carrier, visible from below the gun. The cut-out, combined with modified machining on the underside of the slide assembly, allows the action to be opened with a shell on the carrier.

Variants

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Remington 870 Police Magnum 14 inch barrel (customize painted with cerakote color "Gunmetal")
Remington 870 Express Tactical fitted with aftermarket Remington ShurShot stock.
Remington Model 870 Wingmaster with 20" Home Defence barrel.
Remington 870 fitted with a pistol grip, Surefire light, and M4-type stock

There are hundreds of variations of the Remington 870 in 12, 16, 20, 28 gauges and .410 bore. All Remington 870 versions are built on the same platform and receiver, but there are small differences that can be more than just cosmetic. In 1969, Remington introduced 28 gauge and .410 bore models on a new scaled-down receiver size, and in 1972, a 20-gauge Lightweight ("LW") version was introduced on the same sized receiver, and all of the smaller gauges today are produced on that size receiver. From the original fifteen models offered, Remington currently produces dozens of models for civilian, law enforcement, and military sales.

The maximum shell length that can be used in a Remington 870 depends on the barrel and receiver of the particular model. While the receiver length determines whether a shell will feed, the chamber length in the barrel determines if it will be safe to fire. For 12 gauge 870s, the maximum shell length is 2+3⁄4 in (70 mm) for non-magnums, 3 in (76 mm) for magnums, and 3+1⁄2 in (89 mm) for super magnums. Since barrels can be changed, it is important to also check the barrel markings to ensure the chosen cartridge length is safe to use.

870 variants can be grouped into the following:

Model Gauge Barrel Length Barrel Type Description
FieldMaster Deer 12-gauge 20 in (510 mm) Fully rifled 20-inch fully rifled barrel with adjustable rifle sights. Satin black finish with walnut stock and fore-end with rubber recoil pad.[13]
410 Turkey TSS .410-bore 25 in (640 mm) Vent Rib, Rem Choke Extended full choke, TRUGLO rail system. Receiver milled for maximum strength and reliability.[13]
Turkey Camo 12-gauge 21 in (530 mm) Vent Rib, Rem Choke Pump action with full Rem Choke. Matte black finish on barrel and receiver. Synthetic stock. Shoots both 2 3/4" and 3".[13]
SPS Superslug 12-gauge 25+1⁄2 in (650 mm) Fully rifled extra heavy (fluted) Drilled and tapped sights, Matte black finish. Synthetic stock.[13]
Fieldmaster 12-gauge, 20-gauge 28, 26, 21, 18.75, 26 and 20 in (711, 660, 533, 476, 660 and 508 mm) Vent rib Rem Choke and fully rifled Bead and rifle sights, satin black carbon steel receiver finish, American walnut satin stock finish.[13]
Fieldmaster Synthetic 12-gauge, 20-gauge 28, 26, 21, 21 and 20 in (710, 660, 530, 530 and 510 mm) Vent rib Rem Choke and fully rifled Bead and rifle sights, satin blue receiver finish, matte black synthetic stock finish.[13]
Special Purpose Marine Magnum 12-gauge 18+1⁄2 in (470 mm) Cylinder choke Corrosion resistant utility gun with synthetic stock.[13]
SPS Super Mag Turkey Predator 12-gauge (2+3⁄4", 3" and 3+1⁄2") 20 in (510 mm) Rem Choke Slide action with pistol grip stock and black overmolded grip panels.[13]
Super Magnum Flyaway 12-gauge (2+3⁄4", 3" and 3+1⁄2") 28 in (710 mm) Vent rib, Rem Choke Slide action with innovative bolt design keeps cycle stroke equal for all 3 lengths of shotshells.[14]
Super Magnum Turkey/Waterfowl Camo 12-gauge (2+3⁄4", 3" and 3+1⁄2") 26 in (660 mm) Vent rib, Rem Choke Pump shotgun with camo coverage.[15]
Wingmaster 12-gauge (2+3⁄4" and 3"), 20-gauge, and .410-bore 25–28 in (640–710 mm) Vent Rib, Rem Choke Satin finish on stock and fore-end. American walnut woodwork. Receiver and barrel are polished blue.[16]
Fieldmaster Fully Rifled Cantilever 12-gauge 20 in (510 mm) Fully rifled Fully rifled barrel with black satin finish and walnut stock with fore-end rubber recoil pads.[14]

Unlicensed Norinco copies

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Chinese arms company Norinco has made unlicensed copies of the Remington 870, as the design is no longer under patent protection. The most common of these designs are the Hawk Industries Type 97, Norinco HP9-1 and M-98, the difference being that the HP9-1 has either a 12.5" or 14" barrel, whereas the M-98 has an 18.5" barrel and the Type 97 Military version uses magazines.[17] In the United States, where most Norinco products are specifically non-importable,[18] this shotgun was imported and sold under the names Norinco Hawk 982 and Interstate Hawk 982.[19]

Users

[edit]
A map with Remington Model 870 users in blue
A U.S. Coast Guard petty officer from Maritime Safety and Security Team 91106 armed with an Mk870P fitted with a Trijicon RX01 reflex sight and a Speedfeed stock
The Remington 870 12-gauge shotgun loaded with pyrotechnical shells (blanks) is seen here used as a last resort to scare off unwanted birds in flight from the vicinity of Incirlik Air Base
A U.S. Air Force Security Forces Marine Patrol airman from MacDill AFB with an M870
Country Organization name Quantity Date Reference
 Australia Australian Defence Force _ _ [20][21]
 Austria EKO Cobra _ _ [22]
Austrian armed forces
 Belgium Federal Police Special Units _ _ [22]
Belgian Armed Forces _ 2008 [23]
Brazil First Special Forces Battalion (BFEsp) _ _ [24]
 Canada Canadian Armed Forces _ _ [25]
Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) _ _ [26]
Canadian Coast Guard (CCG) _ _ [27]
Ontario Provincial Police (OPP) _ _ [26]
London Police Service (LPS) _ _ [28]
 Finland Finnish Army

(designated pumppuhaulikko 12 HAUL REM 870)

_ _ [29]
 Germany Bundeswehr, GSG 9, and Spezialeinsatzkommandos _ _ [30]
 Greece EKAM counter-terrorist unit of the Hellenic Police _ _ [31]
 British Hong Kong Royal Hong Kong Regiment _ _ [32]
 Ireland Army Ranger Wing, Special Detective Unit, Emergency Response Unit _ 2000 [33]
 Israel Israel Defense Forces and YAMAM _ _ [34]
 Luxembourg Unité Spéciale de la Police group of the Grand Ducal Police _ _ [35][36][37]
 Malaysia Various special operations such as: _ _ [38]
 Portugal Portuguese Marine Corps _ _ [39]
Sierra Leone Sierra Leone Police 51+ After 2001 [40]
 Sweden Swedish Armed Forces (designated "Förstärkningsvapen 870") _ _ [41]
 Switzerland Swiss Armed Forces (designated Mehrzweckgewehr 91; MzGw 91) _ _ [42]
 South Korea Republic of Korea Navy Special Warfare Brigade _ _ [43]
 Taiwan Taiwan Coast Guard, Taiwan Reserve Army (T85 Shotgun) _ _

[44]

 United Kingdom United Kingdom Special Forces (designated L74A1), Police Service of Northern Ireland and Specialist Firearms Officers as a breaching weapon _ _ [45]
 United States U.S. Border Patrol _ _ [46]
U.S. Department of Education 27 2010 [47]
U.S. Military (designated M870) _ _ [48]
U.S. Secret Service 1,600 2001 [49]
Federal Bureau of Investigation - - [50]
Internal Revenue Service 60 2010 [51]
Various police forces such as: 2 (Cambridge PD) _
 Vietnam Mobile Police Force (Canh Sat Co Dong) _ _

Non-state users

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See also

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References

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[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Remington Model 870

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
The Remington Model 870 is a pump-action shotgun manufactured by Remington Arms, introduced in 1950 as a successor to earlier models like the Model 31, featuring a robust receiver machined from a solid steel billet for enhanced durability and reliability. It operates via a manual pump mechanism that cycles shells from a tubular underbarrel magazine, typically holding four to seven rounds depending on configuration, and is chambered primarily in 12 gauge but also available in 16, 20, 28, and .410 bore variants. Since its debut, the Model 870 has achieved unparalleled commercial success, with over 13 million units produced, making it the best-selling pump-action in history and a staple for , sport shooting, , , and military use worldwide. Its design emphasizes smooth operation, interchangeable barrels for adaptability—from field models with long ventilated ribs for upland game to tactical variants with shorter barrels and extended magazines for close-quarters engagements—and consistent performance under adverse conditions. Adopted by numerous U.S. military branches including the since the era and countless police departments for its proven and ease of maintenance, the 870's longevity stems from empirical advantages in mechanical simplicity and parts commonality over competitors. The shotgun's defining characteristics include its dual-action bars for reliable shell ejection, forged steel components resistant to wear, and extensive aftermarket support, though production continuity faced challenges following Remington's 2020 bankruptcy, with current manufacturing under RemArms LLC preserving core specifications. Despite variants tailored for specific roles—such as the Wingmaster for premium finishes or the Express for economical synthetics—the Model 870 remains engineered for causal effectiveness in dispersing multiple projectiles, prioritizing functional realism over stylistic concessions.

History

Development and Introduction

The Remington Model 870 originated from ' efforts in the late 1940s to replace the Model 31 pump-action shotgun, which, despite its durability, proved costly to manufacture due to complex machining requirements. Design work commenced around 1947, focusing on a streamlined receiver, simplified production processes, and enhanced reliability to produce a rugged yet affordable alternative suitable for civilian and use. The project emphasized bottom ejection for improved safety in multi-user scenarios and a dual-action bar system to prevent binding, drawing on lessons from prior Remington pump designs while incorporating modern fabrication techniques. Key contributors to the design included engineers L. Ray Crittenden, Phillip Haskell, Ellis Hailston, and G. E. Pinckney, who refined the action to achieve smoother operation and greater versatility across gauges. Their innovations addressed wartime production constraints and post-war market demands for economical firearms, resulting in a receiver milled from a single for strength without excessive weight. The Model 870 debuted in January 1950 as the Wingmaster, initially offered in 12-, 16-, and 20-gauge configurations with fixed chokes and walnut stocks, priced competitively to undercut rivals like the Winchester Model 12. Initial production emphasized field-grade models for hunting, with rapid adoption driven by its balance of performance and cost, leading to over 15 variants by the end of the year. This introduction marked a commercial pivot, as Remington discontinued the Model 31 shortly thereafter, positioning the 870 as the company's flagship pump shotgun.

Production Timeline and Manufacturer Changes

The Remington Model 870 was introduced to production in 1950 by at its facility in , as a successor to earlier pump-action designs like the Model 31. Initial output included multiple variants, with the design proving immediately popular for civilian, , and military applications. Production milestones reflect its enduring demand: the one-millionth unit was completed in 1966, sixteen years after inception, followed by the two-millionth in 1973. Remington Arms maintained continuous manufacture of the Model 870 through decades of ownership shifts within the company, including acquisitions by DuPont in 1980 and in 2007, without interruption to the shotgun's production line. Financial pressures led , the parent entity, to file for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in July 2020, prompting an asset auction that fragmented the brand's operations. In the auction's outcome, the Model 870's production rights—along with other long guns—were acquired by RemArms Company, LLC, a backed by the Roundhill Group, in late 2020. RemArms restarted assembly at the Ilion plant in March 2021, aiming to restore quality amid prior concerns over Freedom Group-era manufacturing standards. Seeking a more favorable business environment, RemArms announced in November 2021 the relocation of its global headquarters and establishment of a new advanced manufacturing facility in , including operations. The Ilion site's closure followed, with core production equipment and processes transferred southward; by December 2023, Remington confirmed the full shift of operations from New York to Georgia. As of September 2025, RemArms was finalizing occupancy of its permanent facility, where Model 870 production continues under the Remington brand.

Design and Technical Features

Operating Mechanism

The Remington Model 870 utilizes a manually operated pump-action mechanism characterized by dual action bars that link the fore-end (pump) to the bolt carrier assembly, promoting smooth and minimizing the risk of binding or twisting during operation. Central to the design is a tilting locking block integrated into the bolt, which engages a barrel extension for lockup rather than relying on the receiver itself, thereby distributing firing stresses effectively across robust components. To initiate cycling after firing, the operator depresses the action bar lock—located on the left side of the receiver—and retracts the fore-end rearward; this motion drives the dual action bars to pull the carrier and bolt assembly backward, disengaging the locking block from the barrel extension while the fixed ejector cams the spent shell outward through the right-side ejection port and the extractor releases it. Simultaneously, the rearward travel cocks the internal via interaction with the carrier or sear mechanism, preparing for the next shot. Advancing the fore-end forward then propels the bolt carrier assembly ahead, where the carrier (functioning as a shell lifter) elevates the next round from the under-barrel tubular magazine into alignment; the bolt strips and chambers the shell, after which the locking block tilts upward under spring tension to mate securely with recesses in the barrel extension, achieving full lockup. This design's reliance on manual manipulation ensures consistent extraction and feeding across a wide range of ammunition types and conditions, with the dual bars providing parallel guidance to maintain alignment.

Key Specifications and Configurations

The Remington Model 870 is a pump-action chambered primarily in 12 gauge, with variants available in 16 gauge, 20 gauge, and . It features a tubular magazine typically holding four rounds plus , though tactical configurations often extend to six or seven rounds. The standard chamber length is 2¾ inches or 3 inches, with some models accommodating 3½-inch magnum shells. Barrel lengths range from 18 inches for defensive use to 30 inches for , with common options including 18½, 20, 21, 26, and 28 inches; weights vary from approximately 6.5 to 8 pounds depending on barrel and configuration. The receiver is machined from steel, and the design employs a dual-action bar system for reliable cycling. Key configurations include the Wingmaster, a premium grade with polished blued finish, high-gloss stock, and vent-rib barrels suited for ; the Express, an entry-level model with matte black finish, synthetic or stock, and basic bead sights for general field use; and the Police variant, featuring parkerized finish, heavier-duty components like forged steel extractors, and shorter barrels for . The Fieldmaster offers synthetic with sling mounts and drilled-and-tapped receivers for , available in barrel lengths from 18¾ to 28 inches. Tactical models, such as the Express Tactical, incorporate 18½-inch cylinders-bore barrels, grips or collapsible , and extended magazine tubes for home defense.
ConfigurationBarrel Lengths (inches)Finish/StockTypical CapacityPrimary Use
Wingmaster25–28Blued/4+1
Express18–28Matte/Synthetic or 4+1General/Field
Police18–20Parkerized/Synthetic or 4+1 to 6+1
Fieldmaster18¾–28Matte/Synthetic4+1Versatile
Tactical18–18½Matte/Synthetic with 5+1 to 7+1Defense
Specialized setups like the Marine Magnum add corrosion-resistant coatings and synthetic stocks for harsh environments, while SPS models emphasize synthetic durability for slug or buckshot applications. Overall length typically spans 38 to 48 inches, with length of pull around 14 inches on standard stocks.

Variants and Models

Hunting and Sporting Variants

The Remington Model 870 Wingmaster serves as the premium hunting variant, featuring a high-gloss blued metal finish and American walnut stock and forend for enhanced aesthetics and handling in field conditions. Available in 12-gauge with 2¾- and 3-inch chambers, 20-gauge, and , it typically includes 26- or 28-inch vent-rib barrels with bead sights and interchangeable Rem Chokes for versatility in pursuing upland birds, waterfowl, and small game. The Fieldmaster and Express models offer more accessible options for hunters, with the Fieldmaster providing or synthetic stocks, a durable matte black finish, and 26- or 28-inch vent-rib barrels in 12- and 20-gauge (3-inch chambers, with 3½-inch for select configurations). These support diverse applications, including and via dedicated variants like the SPS Turkey with specialized chokes or the Fully Rifled Deer with a 20-inch rifled barrel and adjustable sights. The Express emphasizes affordability with synthetic components and basic fixed or interchangeable chokes, maintaining the core pump-action reliability for entry-level field use across similar gauges and barrel lengths. For sporting purposes such as trap, skeet, and sporting clays, the Model 870 adapts well with configurations featuring extended 28- to 30-inch vent-rib barrels, often fitted with improved modified or full chokes to optimize patterns on clay targets. Historical grades include dedicated Trap and Skeet models, such as limited-edition versions with fixed chokes suited for competitive , though pump-actions like the 870 are more common in recreational or programs due to their mechanical simplicity and reduced felt compared to semi-automatics. Users effective performance in these disciplines when equipped with modified tubes, underscoring the shotgun's broad adaptability beyond specialized over-under designs.

Tactical and Defensive Variants

Tactical and defensive variants of the Remington Model 870 emphasize maneuverability, rapid follow-up shots, and durability in high-stress scenarios such as home defense and operations. These models typically feature 18- to 20-inch barrels for handling in confined spaces, bores or fixed chokes suited for buckshot and slugs, and extended magazine tubes increasing capacity to 6+1 or 7+1 rounds of 2¾-inch or 3-inch shells. The steel receiver and dual action bars prevent binding under rapid pumping, contributing to operational reliability. The Model 870 Express Tactical, a popular civilian defensive option, utilizes a synthetic stock and forend for weather resistance and reduced weight, with an 18.5-inch matte black barrel and bead front sight. Chambered in 12 gauge, it accommodates both 2¾-inch and 3-inch shells, and includes provisions for sling attachment and mounting via drilled-and-tapped receivers. Weighing approximately 7.5 pounds unloaded, its 38.5-inch overall length balances compactness with control. Law enforcement-focused variants like the Model 870 Police Magnum incorporate heavier-duty components, including a Parkerized finish for resistance, metal trigger guards, and large-head buttons for gloved use. Equipped with Speedfeed for faster reloading and optional sidesaddle shell carriers, these models support 6+1 capacity with 2¾-inch shells or handle 3-inch magnums. Barrels often measure 18 inches with breaching configurations available, prioritizing entry and close-range effectiveness. Other tactical configurations, such as the 870 Tactical , blend traditional stocks with 18.5-inch barrels and 6-position capacity, appealing to users seeking a balance of and defensive utility. These variants often feature matte finishes to reduce glare and synthetic options for enhanced control during dynamic engagements. Overall, the platform's adaptability allows aftermarket extensions for higher capacities and ghost ring sights for improved accuracy at defensive distances.

Military and Specialized Variants

The United States Marine Corps adopted the Remington Model 870 Mk-1 military variant in 1969, procuring 3,231 units equipped with a 21-inch barrel, extended magazine tube for eight rounds, M7 bayonet adapter, rifle sights, parkerized finish, and wooden stock with oil finish. Early military configurations also encompassed the Mk-3, akin to the Mk-1 but lacking the bayonet lug, and the Mk-6 Air Force model featuring a standard four-round magazine capacity. Standard M870 riot guns, typically with 18- to 20-inch barrels and parkerized or blued finishes, were acquired by multiple branches including the Navy for security, embassy protection, and specialized units such as SEALs, with some modified to 14-inch barrels or fitted with folding stocks for confined spaces. For special operations forces, the M870 Modular Combat Shotgun (MCS) variant offers a receiver and tube kit enabling interchangeable 10-, 14-, or 18-inch barrels, , pistol grips, and Picatinny rails for , foregrips, and lights, supporting missions in close-quarters battle with an effective range of 40 meters and weight of 7-8 pounds unloaded. Breaching setups employed by units like utilize shortened 10-inch barrels with removed, pistol grips, and breaching rounds to target door hinges or locks. The Knight's Armament Company-developed Masterkey adaptation mounts a 9.5-inch barrel M870p with 3+1 capacity under M16 or M4 rifles, functioning as an underbarrel weapon akin to a . Additional specialized M870P entry variants feature 14-inch barrels and pistol grips for tactical entry operations.

Foreign Copies and Imitations

Chinese manufacturer Norinco produced unlicensed copies of the Remington Model 870, including models designated as the Norinco 982, HP9-1, and N870-14, which replicate the pump-action mechanism and accept many interchangeable parts from the original design. These shotguns were manufactured with forged steel components and imported to the United States under various brand names, such as IAC Hawk 982 and H&R Pardner Pump, primarily before the 1994 import ban on certain Chinese firearms. Reviews indicate that these copies often match or exceed the durability of entry-level Remington 870 Express models, though they feature rougher finishes and omit later ergonomic refinements like flex-tab carriers. In Turkey, firms such as Hatsan and others have developed 870-inspired pump-action shotguns, exemplified by the Escort Slugger, which incorporates tactical features including 18.5-inch barrels, cylinder bores, and capacity for up to five 2¾-inch shells or four 3-inch shells. Turkish variants like the HD model emphasize home defense configurations with fiber optic sights and walnut furniture, offering lower production costs while maintaining functional compatibility with some 870 accessories. These imitations prioritize affordability for export markets but can suffer from inconsistent , leading to occasional reliability issues in high-round-count testing compared to Remington's forged receiver standards. Recent Chinese exports, such as the Blue Line Solutions BL-18, continue the 870 clone tradition with synthetic stocks and basic tactical setups, retailing under $200 and demonstrating adequate performance in low-stakes applications despite parkerized finishes prone to wear. Overall, foreign copies exploit the 870's proven dual-action bars and locked-breech system for , enabling widespread adoption in regions with demand for rugged, 12-gauge platforms, though they rarely match the original's lifecycle testing exceeding millions of rounds. No verified copies from or other Middle Eastern producers have entered significant international markets, with production focused instead on domestic adaptations of Western designs.

Operational Use

Military Applications

The Remington Model 870 entered military service primarily through the adoption of its variant by the in 1969, designated as the , 12-Gauge, Model 870, Mark 1. This pump-action was selected for its reliability in close-quarters combat and breaching operations, featuring modifications such as a fixed over the barrel and a for attachment of the . The standard configuration, with an 18-inch barrel, saw extensive deployment during the , where it proved effective in jungle environments for room-clearing, perimeter defense, and ambushes against forces. Post-Vietnam, the Model 870 continued in service across U.S. military branches, including the , , and , often as the M870 designation for breaching and security roles. Forces, such as SEALs and Marine Reconnaissance units, employed customized versions for maritime interdictions, hostage rescues, and urban combat in conflicts like the Global War on Terror in and . The (MCS) variant, introduced in the , enhanced adaptability with interchangeable barrels, stocks, and magazine extensions, allowing configuration for missions ranging from entry breaching with short barrels to longer-range engagements. Internationally, the Model 870 has been procured by over 35 countries' armed forces through U.S. , serving in roles similar to its American applications despite domestic alternatives in some nations. Its widespread adoption stems from proven durability under adverse conditions, ease of maintenance, and compatibility with military-standard 12-gauge ammunition, including buckshot, slugs, and less-lethal rounds.

Law Enforcement Deployment

The Remington Model 870 has served as a cornerstone of armament since its 1950 debut, adopted by agencies for its rugged construction and operational versatility in , entry, and tactical scenarios. The Model 870 Police variant, with an 18-inch barrel and standard 6+1 capacity for 2¾-inch shells (expandable via tube extensions to 8 or more rounds), accommodates 3-inch magnum loads and features like Speedfeed stocks for additional storage, enabling up to 16+1 total capacity in configured setups. Its dual action bars and tilting mechanism ensure smooth pumping and ejection, even after prolonged storage and heavy use. In tactical deployments, including SWAT operations, the 870 excels with less-lethal munitions such as beanbag rounds and low-recoil birdshot, maintaining cycle reliability where semiautomatics may falter. Departments like the incorporate it for slug qualification and breaching, while others, such as Daly City PD, continue replacing worn units with new 870 Police Magnums due to enduring wear from field service. Accessories including ghost-ring sights, tactical lights, and lasers enhance close-quarters effectiveness, with the shotgun's steel receiver absorbing recoil effectively under . Field tests affirm its dependability, functioning flawlessly across buckshot, slugs, and specialty rounds post-years of police attrition, underscoring its preference over alternatives for high-stakes reliability. Despite shifts toward patrol rifles in some agencies, the 870 remains issued for scenarios demanding spread patterns or non-penetrating options, with rapid reloads achievable in under two seconds via its polished action.

Civilian and Hunting Uses


The Remington Model 870 entered the civilian market in 1950 as a pump-action shotgun designed primarily for sporting and hunting purposes, establishing itself as a staple due to its durable construction and adaptability to diverse field conditions. Over 11 million units have been manufactured since its introduction, with the vast majority acquired by civilian owners for non-military applications, including hunting and personal defense. Its affordability, starting around $88 for early models, broadened accessibility among hunters seeking a reliable all-purpose firearm. Hunters utilize the Model 870 across various pursuits, from upland game birds like pheasants to waterfowl and , often pairing 26- to 28-inch barrels with modified or full chokes for optimal density at typical engagement distances. For big game such as deer or hogs, configurations chambered in 12-gauge with rifled barrels or slugs enable effective shots within 50-100 yards, depending on load and sighting systems. The 20-gauge variant offers reduced for smaller-framed shooters or youth hunters targeting similar game with lighter loads. In civilian hands, the Model 870 supports home defense alongside , with shorter 18.5-inch barrel options providing maneuverability in confined spaces while maintaining compatibility with defensive buckshot loads. Its manual facilitates precise control and malfunction clearance, contributing to its enduring preference over semi-automatic alternatives for reliability in adverse weather or with varied . Production continues under current ownership, with field-grade models like the Express and Wingmaster tailored for hunters emphasizing matte finishes to reduce glare and synthetic stocks for weather resistance.

Reliability, Performance, and Criticisms

Proven Reliability in Field Conditions

The Remington Model 870 has demonstrated enduring reliability in diverse field environments through its adoption by U.S. military forces, including the Marine Corps' designation of the M870 in the 1960s for combat roles. During the , the shotgun proved effective and dependable in close-quarters engagements and conditions, contributing to its reputation for consistent performance under stress without widespread reports of mechanical failure. Its mechanical simplicity, featuring a dual-action bar system that minimizes binding, has allowed it to function reliably after exposure to mud, sand, and water, as evidenced by anecdotal field reports from operators in and later conflicts. In applications, the Model 870 has been issued to over 1,000 departments since the 1970s, enduring high-round-count scenarios in urban and rural patrols where rapid cycling under adrenaline-fueled conditions is critical. Testing with various loads, from heavy 3-inch magnum slugs to lighter birdshot, has shown flawless ejection and chambering, even after prolonged submersion or dirt accumulation, underscoring its robustness in non-ideal weather and terrain. Military evaluations, including those by the U.S. and , have similarly affirmed its suitability for shipboard and base defense, with minimal maintenance requirements sustaining operational readiness in corrosive saltwater environments. Production exceeding 11 million units since 1950, coupled with continuous military contracts into the , reflects empirical validation of its field-worthiness, as agencies prioritize designs that resist wear from thousands of cycles without part breakage. While not always the victor in every MIL-SPEC endurance trial—such as those favoring competitors like the Mossberg for specific torture benchmarks—the 870's real-world deployment across global hotspots, from deserts to outposts, confirms its causal resilience derived from overbuilt components and straightforward operation.

Common Issues and Quality Concerns

The Remington Model 870, while renowned for its durability, has encountered several reported mechanical issues, particularly in budget-oriented variants like the Express series. A prevalent problem is failure to extract spent shells, often attributed to rough chamber machining that causes casings to stick, especially with low-brass or inexpensive target loads. This issue manifests as the shell ejecting partially or not at all, requiring manual intervention, and is frequently resolved by polishing the chamber with oiled or a powered . User reports indicate this defect is more common in post-2000 production models, where tolerances allowed for inconsistent chamber finishes. Quality control concerns escalated following the 2007 acquisition by Freedom Group (later under ), leading to criticisms of diminished fit, finish, and material consistency. Reports highlight increased use of metal injection molded (MIM) components, such as extractors and triggers, which some users claim contribute to premature wear and reliability lapses over high-round counts. These changes correlated with complaints of rust susceptibility on unfinished surfaces and rough action cycling, though functional performance remained adequate for many applications when properly maintained. Feeding malfunctions, including failures to feed from the magazine tube, have also been documented, potentially stemming from worn carrier springs, misaligned action bars, or debris accumulation in the lifter mechanism. Ejector spring breakage or deformation represents another sporadic mode, particularly under heavy use, which can halt cycling until replacement. Despite these concerns, empirical data from field tests and user aggregates suggest that pre-Freedom Group models (prior to 2007) exhibit fewer such defects, underscoring manufacturing variances as a causal factor rather than inherent design flaws. Post-2021 production under RemArms has shown anecdotal improvements in chamber polishing and part quality, though long-term data remains limited.

Production Status and Market Impact

Recent Developments Post-Bankruptcy

Following the July 2020 Chapter 11 bankruptcy filing of , the company's firearms assets, including the intellectual property and production rights for the Model 870, were auctioned and acquired by RemArms, LLC in September 2020. RemArms resumed manufacturing operations at the historic facility in May 2021, with initial focus on restarting production of the Model 870 to meet ongoing . In December 2023, RemArms announced the closure of the Ilion plant effective March 4, 2024, citing operational efficiencies, and relocated all firearm production, including the Model 870, to a new facility in . This transition aimed to streamline costs and modernize processes post-bankruptcy, though it temporarily disrupted output as machinery and operations were transferred. By early 2025, RemArms had stabilized production, releasing updated variants such as the revamped Model 870 Express Super Magnum, which features enhanced balance and reliability for applications. The company continues to market dozens of Model 870 configurations, including field, tactical, and marine models, through its official website, maintaining the shotgun's availability amid competitive pressures from alternatives like Mossberg pumps. Market data indicates average new Model 870 prices around $582 as of mid-2025, reflecting sustained consumer interest despite the ownership changes.

Sales Records and Economic Significance

The Remington Model 870 has recorded over 11 million units produced since its 1950 introduction, establishing it as the best-selling pump-action shotgun in . Production hit the 10 million milestone in 2009, a benchmark celebrated by as reflective of sustained demand across civilian, , and military sectors. Earlier markers include 1 million units by , highlighting rapid market adoption that outpaced predecessors like the Model 31. Economically, the 870 anchored ' revenue streams, comprising a core segment of the company's output from its facility and supporting thousands of manufacturing jobs over decades. Its versatility fueled consistent sales volumes, enabling Remington to generate hundreds of millions in annual gross profits at peak periods, such as $191 million on $809 million revenue in the mid-2000s before financial challenges. The model's dominance in the pump shotgun category—outproducing rivals like the series—reinforced industry standards for reliability and affordability, indirectly sustaining broader firearms manufacturing ecosystems valued at over $60 billion in economic impact by the early 2020s. Post-2018 , continued 870 production under new ownership via RemArms has preserved its role as a high-volume revenue driver amid market consolidation.

Role in Self-Defense and Second Amendment Debates

The Remington Model 870 serves as a staple in civilian configurations, particularly for home , due to its robust , compatibility with defensive such as buckshot, and the audible mechanism that often deters intruders without firing. Firearms training experts like have praised its utility in scenarios where occupants retreat to a secure area, positioning it as effective "artillery" for holding off threats until arrives. With production exceeding 10 million units since 1950, a substantial number circulate among private owners for personal defense rather than sporting purposes, reflecting its accessibility and aftermarket support for tactical modifications like shorter barrels and extended magazines. In Second Amendment jurisprudence and public debates, the Model 870 exemplifies arms "in common use" for lawful , a category affirmed by the U.S. in District of Columbia v. Heller (2008) as protected under the right to keep and bear arms. Proponents of expansive gun rights cite its pump-action design—lacking the rapid-fire capability of semi-automatics—as evidence that traditional shotguns suffice for effective home defense without triggering calls for "assault weapon" restrictions, which typically spare manually operated firearms. Critics of stringent controls argue that empirical data on defensive gun uses, estimated at 2.1 to 2.5 million annually by researcher Gary Kleck, support retaining versatile platforms like the 870, though such figures remain contested by outlets emphasizing underreporting of . Debates intensified post-2012 and subsequent legislative pushes, where Remington's broader portfolio faced scrutiny, yet the 870's civilian-oriented variants underscored distinctions between and everyday defensive tools. Employee advocates at Remington facilities have voiced support for Second Amendment protections while seeking violence reduction, highlighting the shotgun's role in balanced discourse over blanket prohibitions. Configurations optimized for , such as those with 18-inch barrels, balance maneuverability in confined spaces against overpenetration risks, informed by ballistic studies favoring controlled loads over rifles for urban environments.

Media Portrayals and Legacy

The Remington Model 870 has appeared extensively in films, television programs, and video games, frequently depicted as a dependable pump-action suited for defensive or tactical scenarios. Its portrayal in media often emphasizes reliability under stress, with appearances in over 1,000 entries documented across cinematic and gaming contexts, including high-profile uses in productions like (2008), where it was handled by actors and . In video games, the Model 870 features prominently as a close-range weapon in titles such as those in the Call of Duty series and , reinforcing its image as a straightforward, powerful tool for survival or combat simulation. These depictions contribute to the shotgun's cultural status as an archetype of American firepower, symbolizing rugged utility in narratives involving , operations, or civilian . Films like (2011) showcase it in gritty, improvised defense roles, while broader analyses highlight moments in action cinema that underscore its mechanical simplicity and . Such portrayals, while sometimes dramatized for effect, align with the firearm's real-world reputation for durability, as evidenced by its selection in media reflecting historical uses in conflicts like . The legacy of the Model 870 endures as the best-selling pump-action shotgun ever produced, with estimates exceeding 11 million units manufactured since its 1950 introduction, surpassing competitors like the Model 12. This volume reflects its versatility across , sporting, and applications, cementing its role in American firearms culture as a benchmark for pump-action design. Despite ' financial challenges, including bankruptcy filings in 2018 and 2020, the Model 870's production resumed under new ownership, maintaining its influence on subsequent designs and its status as a foundational tool for generations of users.

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