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Renal cyst
A renal cyst is a fluid collection in or on the kidney. There are several types based on the Bosniak classification. The majority are benign, simple cysts that can be monitored and not intervened upon. However, some are cancerous or are suspicious for cancer and are commonly removed in a surgical procedure called nephrectomy.
Numerous renal cysts are seen in the cystic kidney diseases, which include polycystic kidney disease and medullary sponge kidney.
Renal cysts are classified by malignant risk using the Bosniak classification system. The system was created by Morton Bosniak (1929–2016), a faculty member at the New York University Langone Medical Center in New York City.
The Bosniak classification categorizes renal cysts into five groups. Online calculators have been developed that facilitate calculation of the Bosniak score.
This category includes renal cysts with multiple thin septa, a septum thicker than hairline, slightly thick wall, or with calcification, which may be thick. It also includes intrarenal cysts larger than 3 centimetres (1.2 inches) if:
Category IIF cysts have a 5–10% risk of being kidney cancer, and therefore follow-up is recommended. However, there is no consensus recommendation on the appropriate interval of follow up.
The presence of measurable contrast enhancement of the lesion is the most important characteristic in distinguishing between high-risk cysts (classifications III and IV) from the typically benign, low-risk Bosniak I, II, and IIF cysts. Such contrast enhancement should be at least 10 to 15 Hounsfield units higher when compared with unenhanced images.
The complex cyst can be further evaluated with doppler ultrasonography, and for Bosniak classification and follow-up of complex cysts, either contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) or contrast CT is used.
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Renal cyst AI simulator
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Renal cyst
A renal cyst is a fluid collection in or on the kidney. There are several types based on the Bosniak classification. The majority are benign, simple cysts that can be monitored and not intervened upon. However, some are cancerous or are suspicious for cancer and are commonly removed in a surgical procedure called nephrectomy.
Numerous renal cysts are seen in the cystic kidney diseases, which include polycystic kidney disease and medullary sponge kidney.
Renal cysts are classified by malignant risk using the Bosniak classification system. The system was created by Morton Bosniak (1929–2016), a faculty member at the New York University Langone Medical Center in New York City.
The Bosniak classification categorizes renal cysts into five groups. Online calculators have been developed that facilitate calculation of the Bosniak score.
This category includes renal cysts with multiple thin septa, a septum thicker than hairline, slightly thick wall, or with calcification, which may be thick. It also includes intrarenal cysts larger than 3 centimetres (1.2 inches) if:
Category IIF cysts have a 5–10% risk of being kidney cancer, and therefore follow-up is recommended. However, there is no consensus recommendation on the appropriate interval of follow up.
The presence of measurable contrast enhancement of the lesion is the most important characteristic in distinguishing between high-risk cysts (classifications III and IV) from the typically benign, low-risk Bosniak I, II, and IIF cysts. Such contrast enhancement should be at least 10 to 15 Hounsfield units higher when compared with unenhanced images.
The complex cyst can be further evaluated with doppler ultrasonography, and for Bosniak classification and follow-up of complex cysts, either contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) or contrast CT is used.