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Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke
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Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke
Richard de Clare (c. 1130 – 20 April 1176), the second Earl of Pembroke, also Lord of Leinster and Justiciar of Ireland (sometimes known as Richard FitzGilbert), was an Anglo-Norman nobleman notable for his leading role in the Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland. Like his father, Richard is commonly known by his nickname, Strongbow (Anglo-Norman: Arc-Fort).
After his son and heir, Gilbert, died childless before 1189, the earldom passed through Richard's daughter Isabel de Clare and to her husband, William Marshal.
During the Middle Ages, official documents, with few exceptions, were written in Latin; in the Domesday Exchequer annals, written between 1300 and 1304 (that means, over 120 years after Richard's death), he was referred to as "Ricardus cognomento Stranghose Comes Strugulliae", which translates to "Richard, known as Stranghose, earl of Striguil" (modern Chepstow).
In reality, Stranghose is probably a different spelling of Striguil. In the 14th century, the nickname was finally rendered as "Strongbow".
Richard de Clare was the son of Gilbert de Clare, the first Earl of Pembroke and his wife, Isabel de Beaumont, daughter of Robert de Beaumont, Earl of Leicester and mistress of King Henry I. Richard also had a sister, Basilea de Clare.
Gilbert died in about 1148, and Richard inherited his father’s possessions when he was roughly 18 years old. In 1154 Henry II deprived Richard of the title for siding against his mother, Empress Matilda, during the Anarchy and his contemporaries referred to him as Earl of Striguil for his marcher Lordship of Striguil where he had a castle.
In 1167 Dermot MacMurrough was deposed as King of Leinster by Rory O'Connor, the High King of Ireland and to recover his kingdom, Dermot went to Aquitaine to ask Henry II of England for help but Henry limited his help to permitting the recruitment of English mercenaries. Dermot failed to recruit in Wales but did meet Richard De Clare and the other lords of the Welsh Marches.
Dermot came to an agreement with Richard: if the latter helped the deposed king in the retaking of Leinster, he could have Aoife, Dermot's eldest daughter, in marriage, along with the succession to the crown if it was regained. Since Henry II's letter to Dermot was general in nature, Richard wanted to obtain the king's specific consent to travel to Ireland. In 1168 he raised the issue at court and he was granted permission.
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Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke
Richard de Clare (c. 1130 – 20 April 1176), the second Earl of Pembroke, also Lord of Leinster and Justiciar of Ireland (sometimes known as Richard FitzGilbert), was an Anglo-Norman nobleman notable for his leading role in the Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland. Like his father, Richard is commonly known by his nickname, Strongbow (Anglo-Norman: Arc-Fort).
After his son and heir, Gilbert, died childless before 1189, the earldom passed through Richard's daughter Isabel de Clare and to her husband, William Marshal.
During the Middle Ages, official documents, with few exceptions, were written in Latin; in the Domesday Exchequer annals, written between 1300 and 1304 (that means, over 120 years after Richard's death), he was referred to as "Ricardus cognomento Stranghose Comes Strugulliae", which translates to "Richard, known as Stranghose, earl of Striguil" (modern Chepstow).
In reality, Stranghose is probably a different spelling of Striguil. In the 14th century, the nickname was finally rendered as "Strongbow".
Richard de Clare was the son of Gilbert de Clare, the first Earl of Pembroke and his wife, Isabel de Beaumont, daughter of Robert de Beaumont, Earl of Leicester and mistress of King Henry I. Richard also had a sister, Basilea de Clare.
Gilbert died in about 1148, and Richard inherited his father’s possessions when he was roughly 18 years old. In 1154 Henry II deprived Richard of the title for siding against his mother, Empress Matilda, during the Anarchy and his contemporaries referred to him as Earl of Striguil for his marcher Lordship of Striguil where he had a castle.
In 1167 Dermot MacMurrough was deposed as King of Leinster by Rory O'Connor, the High King of Ireland and to recover his kingdom, Dermot went to Aquitaine to ask Henry II of England for help but Henry limited his help to permitting the recruitment of English mercenaries. Dermot failed to recruit in Wales but did meet Richard De Clare and the other lords of the Welsh Marches.
Dermot came to an agreement with Richard: if the latter helped the deposed king in the retaking of Leinster, he could have Aoife, Dermot's eldest daughter, in marriage, along with the succession to the crown if it was regained. Since Henry II's letter to Dermot was general in nature, Richard wanted to obtain the king's specific consent to travel to Ireland. In 1168 he raised the issue at court and he was granted permission.
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