Hooke made detailed observations of fossils and rock formations, contributing to the early development of stratigraphy. He recognized that fossils were the remains of once-living organisms and used them to infer the history of the Earth.

Hooke developed theories about the causes of earthquakes and geological changes, suggesting that they were caused by internal forces within the Earth. His ideas were influential in the development of geological science.

Hooke designed and built meteorological instruments, such as barometers and anemometers, to measure atmospheric conditions. He kept detailed records of weather observations, contributing to the understanding of climate and weather patterns.