Robert Proud

Robert Proud (1728–1813) was an English educator, Quaker and historian known for his research and writing about the Province of Pennsylvania (also known as the Pennsylvania Colony).

Dubbed "Pennsylvania's first historian" Proud was a Loyalist during the American Revolution, and completed much of his writing while living in poverty after emigrating from England to Philadelphia.

Born on May 10, 1728, in Yorkshire, England, Robert Proud was a son of Ann and William Proud, a prosperous farmer. Initially reared "on a leasehold near the North-Riding market-town of Thirsk," according to historian J. H. Powell, he was educated in a primary school in the community of his birth, but was then sent at the age of 18 by his parents to David Hall's Quaker boarding school at Skipton. While there, he trained intensively in classical studies. After completing his education in 1750, he worked briefly as a bookkeeper in London before being persuaded by Dr. John Fothergill to pursue studies in botany and pharmacopoeia, which he did. In order to support himself, he secured work as a tutor for several families, including that of Timothy Bevan of Hackney, with whom he resided for a number of years before emigrating from England in late winter of 1758.

Shortly after arriving in the Province of Pennsylvania (also known as the Pennsylvania Colony), he settled in Philadelphia, where he launched a private school for boys dedicated to the instruction of Latin. When that school failed two years later, he was hired to teach at The Friends School in that city in September 1761. Also known as The Friends Academy, The Public School or the Penn Charter School, it is known today as the Friends Select School. He ultimately rose to the level of master teacher. He was elected to the revived American Philosophical Society in 1768.

But even after having some success as an educator, Proud's life remained far from secure. Per Powell, during "his first twenty years [in Philadelphia, Proud] lived in fourteen different Quaker homes, dependent upon Friends for his bed and board". Persecuted politically during the American Revolution for his Loyalist sympathies toward England and religiously for his pacifist views as a Quaker — the latter of which may have been kindled by the decreased Quaker population and resulting decline of Quaker influence, according to historian Robert F. Oaks — Proud attempted to gain a more secure financial footing by establishing another enterprise of his own — a London-based business venture launched in partnership with his brother in September 1770 — but it also failed quickly. Briefly moderating his "views on 'the American cause'", according to Kara Flynn, Special Collections cataloguer at Haverford College, he "returned to his Loyalist roots" following a series of revolts by Patriot sympathizers. As Philadelphia became an increasingly dangerous place for him, he resigned from his teaching position in 1775, opting to remain in seclusion until 1880 to avoid arrest and preserve his own life. He used this time to write poetry, translate Latin works into English, and perform significant research that would later form the backbone of his two-volume The History of Pennsylvania in North America.

Leaving seclusion sometime around 1788, Proud returned to teaching at the Friends School and described his educational philosophy that same year via his Some Short Notes & Memoranda by R.P. Philadelphia, Respecting the Scholastic Education of Youth Among Friends, according to biographer Melissa Hozik:

"To render the Minds of youth attentive to Instruction & to habituate them to a decent & agreeable Deportment, in improved Society, are great Points in Education; but too little attended to by many ... the Education of youth ought to be considered, as it really is, a Religious Duty & Concern, as being introductory to the great Interests of Virtue & Happiness. ... "

Resigning from teaching again in 1793 in order to shepherd his The History of Pennsylvania in North America through its printing and marketing phases, he was able, in 1797, to release his first volume, which presented a biographical sketch of William Penn and also covered Pennsylvania's religious history from 1681 to 1709.