Roland Lescure (French pronunciation: [ʁɔlɑ̃ lɛskyʁ]; born 26 November 1966) is a French and Canadian banker and politician who served as Minister Delegate for Industry in the governments of successive Prime Ministers Élisabeth Borne and Gabriel Attal from 2022 to 2024.

Prior to joining the government, Lescure served as a member of the National Assembly, to which he was first elected in 2017. A member of Renaissance, he represented the first constituency for French residents overseas (Canada and United States).

Lescure was born in Paris and raised in Montreuil. His father was a journalist for L'Humanité, while his mother was a trade unionist for the Paris Transport Authority. He studied at the École Polytechnique and the London School of Economics.

Lescure worked as a money manager in France before moving to Montreal, Quebec to take a job as chief investment officer of the Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec, reporting directly to his superior, the Caisse's president Michael Sabia.

In parliament, Lescure served as chairman of the Committee on Economic Affairs from 2017 to 2022. In this capacity, he was also the parliament's rapporteur on the privatization of Groupe ADP.

In September 2018, after François de Rugy's appointment to the government, Lescure supported Richard Ferrand's candidacy for the presidency of the National Assembly. Once Ferrand was elected, he stood as a candidate to succeed him as president of the LREM parliamentary group. After having won in the first round, he lost in the second round against Gilles Le Gendre.

Following the 2022 legislative elections, Lescure stood again as a candidate for the National Assembly's presidency; in an internal vote, he lost against Yaël Braun-Pivet.

In October 2025, he was appointed Minister of Finance and Economy in Sébastien Lecornu's first government.