Rosedale Abbey is a village in North Yorkshire, England. It is approximately 8 miles (13 km) north-west of Pickering, 8 miles south-east of Castleton and within Rosedale, part of the North York Moors National Park.

From 1974 to 2023 it was part of the district of Ryedale. It is now administered by the unitary North Yorkshire Council.

Overview of the priory:

A Cistercian Priory once stood on the site. All that is left today is a staircase turret, a sundial and a single stone pillar. Some headstones that seem to belong to nuns have been reported, though it is unclear whether they are in situ. Founded in 1158 or earlier, the priory was inhabited by a small group of nuns credited with being the first people to farm sheep commercially in the region – a quintessentially Cistercian practice driven by the order's desire to live "far from the concourse of men".

Little is known of the Priory. Unlike their male counterparts in nearby Fountains Abbey and Rievaulx Abbey, the nuns were probably not fluent writers. Furthermore, the Cistercians were famed for their hostility to women, leaving nuns wishing to follow the Cistercian life in an awkward, unofficial position only partially connected to the rest of the Order. This is compounded by the fact that a house for nuns could not be founded, as male Cistercian abbeys were, by a party being sent out from an existing abbey able to trace its filiation all the way to the mother-house at Cîteaux Abbey in France. It is therefore extremely difficult to guess what the Priory would have looked like (whereas Cistercian abbeys are highly formulaic). What stone remains is well finished and laid, but it is unclear where in the church it would have been and what ancillary buildings might have surrounded that church. Indeed, this whole chapter of the valley's history is little understood, with only a handful of references remaining. There are records suggesting that the nuns at one point had to be moved following a raid by Scots. Another record reprimands the nuns for financial mismanagement and urges them not to give away so much in aid to the poor that they bankrupt themselves. Another reprimand tells them not to allow visitors into their dormitory and another warns them against allowing puppies into the church lest they disturb the service. It seems from these records that there was probably a steady population of between half a dozen and a dozen nuns.

The priory ceased to operate in 1536 owing to the dissolution of the monasteries. The buildings were left to decay, with what remained eventually being dismantled in the 19th century. The stone was reused all around the village – including for a new church close to the priory church. but there are also suspiciously well-carved lintels built into garden walls, and sheds with well-cut ashlar stone. Many of the buildings now in the village have distinctly Gothic windows and two of the churches at least have circular windows (a common feature of Cistercian churches, which were all dedicated to the Virgin Mary, of whom circular windows were a sign). It is unlikely that many (if any) of these stylistic details are remnants of the priory. They speak more of the Victorian sensibilities prevalent at the time that the population of the village soared but may well have mimicked traditions set out by the priory.

It is worth noting too that there is evidence that the local water-courses have been carefully managed – another common feature of Cistercian landscapes – and that there is a Monastic grange in Rosedale.

In the 19th century an iron ore mining industry was established. The population of the valley expanded rapidly until the demise of the mines in the 1920s.