Rzhyshchiv (Ukrainian: Ржищів, IPA: [ˈrʒɪʃtʃiu̯] ^ⓘ; Russian: Ржищев, romanized: Rzhishchev; Yiddish: אירזיסטשוב, romanized: Irzistshub, also known by several alternative names; Polish: Rzyszczów) is a small city in Obukhiv Raion, Kyiv Oblast (province) of Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Rzhyshchiv urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: 7,175 (2022 estimate). It is situated on Leglych river.

Until 18 July 2020, Rzhyshchiv was incorporated as a city of oblast significance. In July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Kyiv Oblast to seven, the city of Rzhyshchiv was merged into Obukhiv Raion.

In Yiddish, formerly a primary language of the city, the name has been recorded in different forms throughout its history, including אורזיזטשוב (Urziztshub), רזיזטשוב (Rziztshub), אורזיזטשיב (Urziztshib), רזיזטשיב (Rziztshib), אורזישטשב (Urzishtshb), רזישטשב (Rzishtshb), אורזיסטשוב (Urzistshub), רזיסטשוב (Rzistshub), אירזיסטשיב (Irzistshib), רזיסטשיב (Rzistshib), אורזישטשיב (Urzishtshib), רזישטשיב (Rzishtshib), אירזישטשיב (Irzishtshib), רעזישטשיב (Rezishtshib), רזישטשעב (Rzishtsheb), אירזיזטשיב (Irziztshib). In English it has been recorded as Rzhyshchiv, Rzhishchev, Rezhishchev, Rezhyschiv, Rzysciv, Orzistchov and Irzyszczów.

There is River Port working as a part of Kyiv River Port located in town.

Archival sources report a Jewish community in Rzhyschiv by the end of the 18th century. From 1802 onwards, the town was the centre of a Hasidic dynasty. According to the census of 1847, Rzhyschiv's Jewish community numbered 1,543 people. By 1852 there was a synagogue in Rzhyshchiv. The Jewish area of the town was located behind the market. In his description of Kiev Guberniya, historian L. Pokhilevich writes: “At the beginning of the 20th century, Rzhyschiv occupied a prominent place among the trade centres of Kiev Guberniya, trading particularly in grain sent along the Dnieper River to Lithuania.” In 1858, a large beet-sugar factory owned by Berdichev banker Halperin was built in Rzhyschiv.

According to the census of 1897, Rzhyshchev's population numbered 11,629 inhabitants, of whom 6,008 were Jewish. In 1910, there is evidence of a Jewish school in the town. Rzhyschiv's Jewish community was not only large but also rich, as confirmed by the list of Kiev Oblast's Jewish merchants and manufacturers compiled by Kiev City Duma in 1907. The list included surnames of 150 inhabitants of Rzhyschiv, 47 of whom owned real estate valued at 1,000 roubles or more. These include:

The enviable economic situation may have encouraged tzaddikim from the Ostrog dynasty to take up residence in Rzhyschiv.

The first AdMo"R of Rzhyshchev (Urzhyshchev in the Hasidic tradition) was Rabbi Moshe Mendl of Urzhyshchev, the son of Rabbi Pinkhas of Ostrog. He was brought up in the house of ‘the Shpoler Zeyde’; in 1802, he took the place of the town's Hasidic leader and founded a dynasty that existed until the Holocaust.