Scandoromani language

You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Norwegian. Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the Norwegian article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Norwegian Wikipedia article at [[:no:Norsk romani]]; see its history for attribution. You may also add the template {{Translated|no|Norsk romani}} to the talk page. For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.

Scandoromani
Native to	Norway, Sweden, Denmark
Native speakers	c. 100–150 (2014)[1] Speakers mostly elderly. More people speak Swedish with some Roma vocabulary.[1]
Language family	Para-Romani, mixed Romani–Scandinavian
Official status
Official language in	recognised minority language in  Norway (1993)  Sweden (1999)
Language codes
ISO 639-3	Variously: rmg – Traveller Norwegian rmu – Tavringer Romani (Sweden) rmd – Traveller Danish
Glottolog	trav1236  Norwegian tavr1235  Swedish trav1237  Danish
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Scandoromani is a Para-Romani dialect spoken by the Romanisæl, a subgroup of the Romani people in Norway (c. 100–150 elderly Scandoromani speakers),^[1] and Sweden.

Subforms are referred to as:

• The Norwegian Romani language or Traveller Norwegian (tavringens rakripa, lit. 'Traveller's language'),^[2][3] Norwegian: romani or norsk romani (Norwegian Romani), in Norway (the Romani language of the Norwegian Roma is referred to as romanes in Norwegian);
• The Swedish Romani language or Tavringer Romani,^[4] Traveller Swedish or Tattare,^[5] Swedish: svensk romani (Swedish Romani), in Sweden;
• Traveller Danish † in Denmark.^[6]

Like Angloromani in Britain and Caló in Spain, Scandoromani draws upon a vocabulary of inflected Romani. Much of the original Romani grammar, however, has been lost to the users, and they now communicate in Swedish or Norwegian grammar.

There is no standardised form of Scandoromani, so variations exist in vocabulary, pronunciation, and usage, depending on the speaker. In print, Scandoromani words are often written with Swedish (S) or Norwegian (N) letters (ä, æ, ø, å) and letter combinations to represent Romani sounds, e.g., tj- (/ɕ/) or kj- (/ç/ alt. /tʃ/) to represent the Romani č /tʃ/ and čh /tʃʰ/. Some examples of Scandoromani variant spellings are: tjuro^[7] (S) / kjuro^[2] (N) 'knife'; gräj^[7] (S) / grei^[2] (N) 'horse'.

• Finnish Kalo language
• Para-Romani

• Baardsen, Gjest (1948). Vandrings- eller skøiersprog; med tillegg av F. L. Hartman og N. Olsen. Ord og sed (in Norwegian). Oslo: Noregs boklag Helge Refsum.
• Baardsen, Gjest. "Samling af de mest forrekommende Ord i det saakaldte Vandrings eller Skøiersprog". Digital Archives. Archived from the original on March 30, 2016. Retrieved January 26, 2022.
• Hancock, Ian (1992). "The social and linguistic development of Scandoromani". In Håkon Jahr, Ernst (ed.). Language Contact: Theoretical and Empirical Studies. Trends in Linguistics: Studies and Monographs. Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter. pp. 37–52. ISBN 3-11-012802-0.
• Iversen, Ragnvald (1945). The Rodi (Rotwelsch) in Norway. Secret languages in Norway. Oslo: I Kommisjon Hos Jacob Dybwad.
• Karlsen, Ludvig (1993). Romani-folkets ordbok : [tavringens rakripa : de reisendes språk : romani-norsk-engelsk] (in Traveller Norwegian, Norwegian, and English). Oslo. ISBN 8299236312.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
• Lindell, Lenny [in Swedish]; Thorbjörnsson-Djerf, Kenth (2008). Carling, Gerd (ed.). Ordbok över svensk romani: Resandefolkets språk och sånger (in Swedish). Stockholm: Podium. ISBN 978-91-89196-43-8. (A lexicon and grammatical overview of Tavringer Romani; includes several Traveller song texts in extenso)
• Miskow, Johan; Brøndal, Viggo (1923). "Sigøjnersprog i Danmark" (PDF). Danske Studier (in Danish): 97–145.
• Dyneley Prince, J. (1925). "The Gypsy Language of Denmark" (PDF). Journal of the American Oriental Society. 45: 97–105. doi:10.2307/593478. JSTOR 593478.

• Tavringens Rakripa: Romanifolkets Ordbok at the Wayback Machine (archived May 17, 2008) (in Norwegian)
• Norwegian Romani Dictionary (in Bokmål and English)
• Examples of Tavringer Romani text from the websites of the Swedish Parliament and the Swedish Language Council (in Swedish)