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Serbian comics

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Serbian comics

Serbian comics are comics produced in Serbia. Comics are called stripovi in Serbian (singular strip) and come in all shapes and sizes, merging influences from American comics to bandes dessinées.

Comics started developing in Serbia in the late 19th century, mostly in humor and children's magazines. From the 1920s to the end of the 1980s, Serbian comics were part of the larger Yugoslav comics scene; a large number of titles was published from 1932 to 1991, mainly in Serbo-Croatian language. After the breakup of Yugoslavia and the crisis in the 1990s, Serbian comics have experienced a revival.

When we started out, nobody thought how it’d all turn out, or what it’d become. How far we’d come! Simply put, we liked the new medium, although nobody realized it was a new medium.

In 1932 Veseli četvrtak (Merry Thursday), an illustrated magazine for children, appeared in Belgrade; an unusually large amount of space was allotted to cartoons. The magazine featured foreign works such as The Katzenjammer Kids and Felix the Cat, but also Doživljaji Mike Miša (The Adventures of Mika the Mouse), a Mickey Mouse pastiche by Serbian authors. Other weeklies and dailies such as Vreme and Pravda followed suit. In 1934, one whole page of Politika newspaper was devoted to Secret Agent X-9. In addition to adventure comics, Walt Disney's cartoon animals were also popular at the time, especially Mickey Mouse, whose name would be used in the titles of a number of Yugoslav comic publications: Mika Miš, Mikijeve novine (Mickey's Newspapers), Mikijevo carstvo (Mickey's Realm). An editor named Dušan Timotijević named the new art form "strip", after English "comic strip".

In 1934, the first two specialized comic magazines appeared - Strip and Crtani film (Cartoon). Their appearance and content were influenced by the Italian magazines Topolino, L'Audace and L'Avventuroso, as well as French magazines Le Journal de Mickey and Hop-là!. Russian immigrant Nikola Navojev debuted in the pages of Strip with his works. Although he died at the age of 27, Navojev was a prolific author who created a number of characters for Strip, of which jungle girl Tarcaneta (Tarzanette) is best-known today. In 1935, inspired by the adventures of Alex Raymond's X-9, Vlastimir Belkić created the first original character in Serbian comics named Hari Vils. Similarly, other two Russian immigrants, artist Đorđe Lobačev and writer Vadim Kurganski, began working on their first comic, called Krvavo nasledstvo (Bloody Heritage), serialized in the illustrated periodical Panorama. Not only was it the first successful modern comic produced in Serbia, but also the first title set in Yugoslavia.

Most of the Golden Age artists were Russian immigrants, collectively known as the Belgrade Circle and gathered at first around the Mika Miš magazine. Soon enough it was transformed into a real comic magazine, reprinting foreign classics like Prince Valiant, Phantom and Flash Gordon, but also publishing comics by the local authors. Mika Miš lasted from 1936 to 1941, when it ended with issue 505. Its domination would not be questioned until 1939 and the emergence of Mikijevo carstvo and Politikin Zabavnik. The key figures behind all three publications were editors Aleksandar J. Ivković and Milutin Ignjačević. From 1935 to 1941 about twenty comic magazines were launched in Serbia, published weekly and bi-weekly, mostly in black-and-white. They were sold throughout Yugoslavia. In order to boost sales in the western parts of Yugoslavia (today's Croatia and Slovenia), some publications were printed not only in the Serbian Cyrillic but also Latin alphabet. Comics were distributed through convenience stores, newsstands and newsboys, with an average print run of 10,000 - 30,000 copies.

The notable works were inspired by cultural classics and Serbian folklore. The shortlist includes Ivan Šenšin's Hrabri vojnik Švejk (an adaptation of Jaroslav Hašek's novel The Good Soldier Švejk) and Zvonar Bogorodičine crkve (an adaptation of Victor Hugo's novel The Hunchback of Notre-Dame), Sergej Solovjev's Carev štitonoša (Emperor's Squire), Robin Hud (Robin Hood) and Ajvanho (an adaptation of Walter Scott's Ivanhoe), Lobačev's Master Death, Baron Minhauzen (an adaptation of Rudolf Erich Raspe's The Surprising Adventures of Baron Munchausen) and Biberče (Pepper-Boy, based on the Serbian folk fairytale of the same name), Konstantin Kuznjecov's Grofica Margo (Countess Margo) and Bajka o caru Saltanu (an adaptation of Alexander Pushkin's poem The Tale of Tsar Saltan). Unlike most of his contemporaries, Sebastijan Lechner also wrote his own scripts, such as Džarto. Similarly, Navojev teamed up with comics writer Branko Vidić to create Zigomar. Some of the titles were reprinted in French and Turkish magazines, while Zigomar was also published in Bulgaria, Italy, Brazil, Argentina and more recently in Australia.

Other creators of "the first generation" included Vsevold Guljevič, Aleksije Ranhner, Đorđe Janković, Moma Marković, Marijan Ebner, Vojin Đorđević, Nikola Tiščenko, Dragan Savić and Đorđe Mali. Lobačev's brother-in-law Valerian Apuhtin became the first professional letterer in Serbia. Another young artist at the time, Živorad Mitrović would revisit this period in his 1982 film Savamala.

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