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Shenyang J-15
The Shenyang J-15 (Chinese: 歼-15; pinyin: Jiān-Shíwǔ), also known as Feisha (Chinese: 飞鲨; pinyin: fēi shā; lit. 'Flying Shark'; NATO reporting name: Flanker-X2, Flanker-K) is a Chinese all-weather, twin-engine, carrier-based 4.5 generation multirole fighter aircraft developed by the Shenyang Aircraft Corporation (SAC) and the 601 Institute, specifically for the People's Liberation Army Naval Air Force (PLANAF) to serve on People's Liberation Army Navy's (PLAN) aircraft carriers.
The aircraft entered active service with the PLAN in 2013. An improved variant, named J-15T, incorporating CATOBAR launch capability, modern fifth-generation avionics, entered active service in the South China Sea in October 2024.
In 2001, China acquired the T-10K-3, an unfinished prototype of the Su-33, from Ukraine, and it is claimed that China studied the aircraft extensively and reverse-engineered it, with development on the J-15 beginning immediately afterward. Another pre-production aircraft, the T-10K-7, was sold to the Chinese by Ukraine 2004 and was of great use. These two airframes were two of the three that were left to Ukraine after the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
China had sought to purchase Su-33s from Russia on several occasions—an unsuccessful offer was made as late as March 2009—but negotiations collapsed in 2006 after it was discovered that China had developed a modified version of the Sukhoi Su-27SK, designated the Shenyang J-11B, in violation of intellectual property agreements.
However, according to Chinese sources, China withdrew from talks because Russia wanted large payments to reopen Su-33 production lines and insisted on a Chinese purchase of at least 50 Su-33s, which China was reluctant to buy, as it believed the aircraft would become outdated in a few years. China hence decided on an indigenous variant instead of continuing to assemble the J-11, the licensed Chinese version of Su-27.
The J-15 program was officially started in 2006 with the codename Flying Shark. The program goal was to develop a naval-capable fighter aircraft from the Shenyang J-11, with technologies reverse-engineered from T-10K-3, a Soviet Su-33 prototype that had been acquired from Ukraine.
On 31 August 2009, the first J-15 prototype made its maiden flight, believed to have been powered by Russian-supplied Saturn AL-31 turbofan engines. Video and still images of the flight were released in July 2010, showing the same basic airframe design as the Su-33.
On 7 May 2010, the aircraft conducted its first takeoff from a simulated ski-jump on land. On 21 October 2012, the J-15 performed first arresting landing on the Liaoning by Flight Test Establishment pilot, China's first operational aircraft carrier. On 20 November 2012, the first successful landing by a PLA Navy pilot was achieved. On 23 November 2012, two more Navy pilots landed the J-15 on the Liaoning carrier. On 25 November 2012, Chinese state media announced the J-15 had successfully performed its first takeoff and landing on Liaoning.
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Shenyang J-15
The Shenyang J-15 (Chinese: 歼-15; pinyin: Jiān-Shíwǔ), also known as Feisha (Chinese: 飞鲨; pinyin: fēi shā; lit. 'Flying Shark'; NATO reporting name: Flanker-X2, Flanker-K) is a Chinese all-weather, twin-engine, carrier-based 4.5 generation multirole fighter aircraft developed by the Shenyang Aircraft Corporation (SAC) and the 601 Institute, specifically for the People's Liberation Army Naval Air Force (PLANAF) to serve on People's Liberation Army Navy's (PLAN) aircraft carriers.
The aircraft entered active service with the PLAN in 2013. An improved variant, named J-15T, incorporating CATOBAR launch capability, modern fifth-generation avionics, entered active service in the South China Sea in October 2024.
In 2001, China acquired the T-10K-3, an unfinished prototype of the Su-33, from Ukraine, and it is claimed that China studied the aircraft extensively and reverse-engineered it, with development on the J-15 beginning immediately afterward. Another pre-production aircraft, the T-10K-7, was sold to the Chinese by Ukraine 2004 and was of great use. These two airframes were two of the three that were left to Ukraine after the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
China had sought to purchase Su-33s from Russia on several occasions—an unsuccessful offer was made as late as March 2009—but negotiations collapsed in 2006 after it was discovered that China had developed a modified version of the Sukhoi Su-27SK, designated the Shenyang J-11B, in violation of intellectual property agreements.
However, according to Chinese sources, China withdrew from talks because Russia wanted large payments to reopen Su-33 production lines and insisted on a Chinese purchase of at least 50 Su-33s, which China was reluctant to buy, as it believed the aircraft would become outdated in a few years. China hence decided on an indigenous variant instead of continuing to assemble the J-11, the licensed Chinese version of Su-27.
The J-15 program was officially started in 2006 with the codename Flying Shark. The program goal was to develop a naval-capable fighter aircraft from the Shenyang J-11, with technologies reverse-engineered from T-10K-3, a Soviet Su-33 prototype that had been acquired from Ukraine.
On 31 August 2009, the first J-15 prototype made its maiden flight, believed to have been powered by Russian-supplied Saturn AL-31 turbofan engines. Video and still images of the flight were released in July 2010, showing the same basic airframe design as the Su-33.
On 7 May 2010, the aircraft conducted its first takeoff from a simulated ski-jump on land. On 21 October 2012, the J-15 performed first arresting landing on the Liaoning by Flight Test Establishment pilot, China's first operational aircraft carrier. On 20 November 2012, the first successful landing by a PLA Navy pilot was achieved. On 23 November 2012, two more Navy pilots landed the J-15 on the Liaoning carrier. On 25 November 2012, Chinese state media announced the J-15 had successfully performed its first takeoff and landing on Liaoning.
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