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Ship motions
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Ship motions
Ship motions are the six degrees of freedom that a ship, boat, or other watercraft can experience.
The vertical/Z axis, or yaw axis, is an imaginary line running vertically through the ship and through its centre of mass. A yaw motion is a side-to side movement of the bow and stern of the ship.
The transverse/Y axis, lateral axis, or pitch axis is an imaginary line running horizontally across the ship and through the centre of mass. A pitch motion is an up-or-down movement of the bow and stern of the ship.
The longitudinal/X axis, or roll axis, is an imaginary line running horizontally through the length of the ship, through its centre of mass, and parallel to the waterline. A roll motion is a side-to-side or port-starboard tilting motion of the superstructure around this axis.
There are three special axes in any ship, called longitudinal, transverse and vertical axes. The angular movements around them—affecting the ship's moment of inertia, which sets the torque it requires to rotate in any direction—are the ship's rotational motions (or rotary motions), known as roll, pitch, and yaw respectively.
The tilting rotation of a vessel about its longitudinal/X (front-back or bow-stern) axis. An offset or deviation from normal on this axis is referred to as list or heel. Heel refers to an offset that is intentional or expected, as caused by wind pressure on sails, turning, or other crew actions. The rolling motion towards a steady state (or list) angle due to the ship's own weight distribution is referred in marine engineering as list. List normally refers to an unintentional or unexpected offset, as caused by flooding, battle damage, shifting cargo, etc.
The up/down rotation of a vessel about its transverse/Y (side-to-side or port-starboard) axis. An offset or deviation from normal on this axis is referred to as trim or out of trim. A vessel that is pitching back and forth is usually termed to be hobby horsing.
The turning rotation of a vessel about its vertical/Z axis. An offset or deviation from normal on this axis is referred to as deviation or set. This is referred to as the heading of the boat relative to a magnetic compass (or true heading if referenced to the true north pole); it also affects the bearing.
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Ship motions
Ship motions are the six degrees of freedom that a ship, boat, or other watercraft can experience.
The vertical/Z axis, or yaw axis, is an imaginary line running vertically through the ship and through its centre of mass. A yaw motion is a side-to side movement of the bow and stern of the ship.
The transverse/Y axis, lateral axis, or pitch axis is an imaginary line running horizontally across the ship and through the centre of mass. A pitch motion is an up-or-down movement of the bow and stern of the ship.
The longitudinal/X axis, or roll axis, is an imaginary line running horizontally through the length of the ship, through its centre of mass, and parallel to the waterline. A roll motion is a side-to-side or port-starboard tilting motion of the superstructure around this axis.
There are three special axes in any ship, called longitudinal, transverse and vertical axes. The angular movements around them—affecting the ship's moment of inertia, which sets the torque it requires to rotate in any direction—are the ship's rotational motions (or rotary motions), known as roll, pitch, and yaw respectively.
The tilting rotation of a vessel about its longitudinal/X (front-back or bow-stern) axis. An offset or deviation from normal on this axis is referred to as list or heel. Heel refers to an offset that is intentional or expected, as caused by wind pressure on sails, turning, or other crew actions. The rolling motion towards a steady state (or list) angle due to the ship's own weight distribution is referred in marine engineering as list. List normally refers to an unintentional or unexpected offset, as caused by flooding, battle damage, shifting cargo, etc.
The up/down rotation of a vessel about its transverse/Y (side-to-side or port-starboard) axis. An offset or deviation from normal on this axis is referred to as trim or out of trim. A vessel that is pitching back and forth is usually termed to be hobby horsing.
The turning rotation of a vessel about its vertical/Z axis. An offset or deviation from normal on this axis is referred to as deviation or set. This is referred to as the heading of the boat relative to a magnetic compass (or true heading if referenced to the true north pole); it also affects the bearing.
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