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Special Investigation Team
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Special Investigation Team
Special Investigation Teams (SIT) (特殊事件捜査係, Tokushu Jiken Sousa Kakari) are tactical detective units of Japanese prefectural police forces. Special Investigation Teams are maintained by prefectural police headquarters (PPH) and are trained to handle critical incidents including criminal investigation and tactical operations.
In the 1960s, serious criminal cases such as kidnapping, aircraft hijacking, piracy, and bombings became an increasingly noticeable problem in Japan. The kidnapping of Yoshinobu Murakoshi, a four-year-old child, was the catalyst for the establishment of SITs. In this case, police detective Hachibē Hiratsuka was able to apprehend the suspect, but was too late to save the victim.
It became clear that traditional criminal investigation systems were sluggish and outdated for these new-style, rapid-tempo, and sometimes lethal cases. As a response to these problems, the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department (TMPD) established the SIT unit within its Criminal Investigation Bureau in 1964. These detectives were well acquainted with new technology and special tactics to track and capture the criminals quickly and accurately.
At the beginning, the name "SIT" came from an acronym of its romanized Japanese unit name, Sousa Ikka Tokushuhan-Sousa-Kakari (捜査一課特殊犯捜査係), but later, the origin of its name as an acronym of its English nickname, Special Investigation Team, was added afterwards by misunderstanding from an officer who is fluent in English.
This idea achieved such a great success that in 1970, the National Police Agency (NPA) requested the establishment of these kind of units for other prefectural police forces throughout Japan. These detectives also became responsible for intervening and rescuing when hostages were in danger. In 1992, TMPD strengthened the SWAT capability by incorporating several SAT operators into its SIT.
All unit are established in the First Investigation Divisions (捜査一課, Sousa Ikka) of each prefectural police headquarters (PPHs). These units are generally local-based, so organizations (including their unit names) and equipment are varied. Among them, the Special Investigations Team (SIT) of the TMPD and the Martial Arts Attack Team (MAAT) of the Osaka PPH are the first units to be created and still the most prominent units nationwide.
In the First Criminal Investigation Division of the TMPD, the following units are assigned for special criminal investigation activities:
Of all these units, Units One and Two are in charge of hostage cases and especially known as "SIT". As of the early 2000s, there were over 60 detectives in total for these seven units, and about 30 detectives with Unit One and Two alone. On the contrary, some rural PPHs assign only one or two detectives to these offices, so in case of tactical operations, these units can be reinforced by detectives of Mobile Investigation Units (機動捜査隊, Kidō Sousa-tai), first responders for initial criminal investigations.
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Special Investigation Team
Special Investigation Teams (SIT) (特殊事件捜査係, Tokushu Jiken Sousa Kakari) are tactical detective units of Japanese prefectural police forces. Special Investigation Teams are maintained by prefectural police headquarters (PPH) and are trained to handle critical incidents including criminal investigation and tactical operations.
In the 1960s, serious criminal cases such as kidnapping, aircraft hijacking, piracy, and bombings became an increasingly noticeable problem in Japan. The kidnapping of Yoshinobu Murakoshi, a four-year-old child, was the catalyst for the establishment of SITs. In this case, police detective Hachibē Hiratsuka was able to apprehend the suspect, but was too late to save the victim.
It became clear that traditional criminal investigation systems were sluggish and outdated for these new-style, rapid-tempo, and sometimes lethal cases. As a response to these problems, the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department (TMPD) established the SIT unit within its Criminal Investigation Bureau in 1964. These detectives were well acquainted with new technology and special tactics to track and capture the criminals quickly and accurately.
At the beginning, the name "SIT" came from an acronym of its romanized Japanese unit name, Sousa Ikka Tokushuhan-Sousa-Kakari (捜査一課特殊犯捜査係), but later, the origin of its name as an acronym of its English nickname, Special Investigation Team, was added afterwards by misunderstanding from an officer who is fluent in English.
This idea achieved such a great success that in 1970, the National Police Agency (NPA) requested the establishment of these kind of units for other prefectural police forces throughout Japan. These detectives also became responsible for intervening and rescuing when hostages were in danger. In 1992, TMPD strengthened the SWAT capability by incorporating several SAT operators into its SIT.
All unit are established in the First Investigation Divisions (捜査一課, Sousa Ikka) of each prefectural police headquarters (PPHs). These units are generally local-based, so organizations (including their unit names) and equipment are varied. Among them, the Special Investigations Team (SIT) of the TMPD and the Martial Arts Attack Team (MAAT) of the Osaka PPH are the first units to be created and still the most prominent units nationwide.
In the First Criminal Investigation Division of the TMPD, the following units are assigned for special criminal investigation activities:
Of all these units, Units One and Two are in charge of hostage cases and especially known as "SIT". As of the early 2000s, there were over 60 detectives in total for these seven units, and about 30 detectives with Unit One and Two alone. On the contrary, some rural PPHs assign only one or two detectives to these offices, so in case of tactical operations, these units can be reinforced by detectives of Mobile Investigation Units (機動捜査隊, Kidō Sousa-tai), first responders for initial criminal investigations.
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