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Steel, Peech and Tozer
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Steel, Peech and Tozer
Steel, Peech and Tozer Limited (SPT, locally also known as Steelo's) was a large steel maker with works situated at Ickles and Templeborough, in Rotherham, South Yorkshire, England. Part of the Templeborough steelworks survives today as the Magna Science Adventure Centre.
The site in which the steel works would be built has a long history of iron working. Excavations of the Roman fort at Templeborough found evidence of iron working during Roman times. In the medieval period, some of the land in the area was owned by Roche Abbey. During this time water-mills may have been created, powered by water channelled through cuttings off the River Don. After the dissolution of the monasteries, the land was used by the Reresby family. By 1560, two rolling mills had been constructed.
Around 1833, one of the rolling mills was adapted for rolling steel, previously being used to extract vegetable oil from seeds. By this time, a crescent-shaped area along the River Don, stretching from Masbrough through Ickles, had become the home of many of the town's iron and steel works.[citation needed] The area soon underwent development and industrialisation, promoted by the opening of the Midland railway in 1840. By 1871, Ickles Rolling Mill Limited was created to operate the steel rolling mill in Ickles.
Situated between the main turn-pike road linking Rotherham and Sheffield (now called Sheffield Road) and the River Don was built the Phoenix Works, a leading manufacturer of large iron forgings, made using water powered tilt hammers. The works made forgings for marine engines, shafts for use in paddle steamers and crank axles etc.[citation needed]
A separate steel works, utilising the Bessemer process, was set up by Thomas Hampton and Mr. Radcliffe in 1871, located to the north of the River Don. Phoenix took over the works in 1872 - the company was now named Phoenix Bessemer Steel Company Limited. Phoenix also took over Ickles Rolling Mill in 1874.
In 1874, Phoenix entered an agreement with Gilead A Smith & Co. to supply them with 5000 tons of rail. Unfortunately, Gilead A Smith & Co. soon went bust, likely due to the ripple effects of the Panic of 1873. This left Phoenix with more than £14,000 in debt. Later in July 1875, Phoenix went into liquidation but continued to operate with a small profit until October. In November, the company's assets were purchased by Mr Henry Steel for £36,500. Thomas Hampton stayed on as a director, newly joined by Henry Steel and Edward Tozer. Henry Peech also came on board as a director and investor. The new company became known as Steel, Tozer and Hampton Limited.
With the purchase came more investment in the company's production facilities. In 1876 a second melting shop was built, featuring two 2-ton Bessemer converters. This would be supplemented with two larger converters in 1878. A cogging mill and rail mill were added the following year, with material being transferred between them on driven rollers. By 1879 the works could produce up to 2,750 tons of ingots per week, and roll 2,500 tons of rails per week.
Hampton retired at the end of 1882 and the company subsequently changed its name to Steel, Peech and Tozer - a name that would become a giant in steel making.
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Steel, Peech and Tozer
Steel, Peech and Tozer Limited (SPT, locally also known as Steelo's) was a large steel maker with works situated at Ickles and Templeborough, in Rotherham, South Yorkshire, England. Part of the Templeborough steelworks survives today as the Magna Science Adventure Centre.
The site in which the steel works would be built has a long history of iron working. Excavations of the Roman fort at Templeborough found evidence of iron working during Roman times. In the medieval period, some of the land in the area was owned by Roche Abbey. During this time water-mills may have been created, powered by water channelled through cuttings off the River Don. After the dissolution of the monasteries, the land was used by the Reresby family. By 1560, two rolling mills had been constructed.
Around 1833, one of the rolling mills was adapted for rolling steel, previously being used to extract vegetable oil from seeds. By this time, a crescent-shaped area along the River Don, stretching from Masbrough through Ickles, had become the home of many of the town's iron and steel works.[citation needed] The area soon underwent development and industrialisation, promoted by the opening of the Midland railway in 1840. By 1871, Ickles Rolling Mill Limited was created to operate the steel rolling mill in Ickles.
Situated between the main turn-pike road linking Rotherham and Sheffield (now called Sheffield Road) and the River Don was built the Phoenix Works, a leading manufacturer of large iron forgings, made using water powered tilt hammers. The works made forgings for marine engines, shafts for use in paddle steamers and crank axles etc.[citation needed]
A separate steel works, utilising the Bessemer process, was set up by Thomas Hampton and Mr. Radcliffe in 1871, located to the north of the River Don. Phoenix took over the works in 1872 - the company was now named Phoenix Bessemer Steel Company Limited. Phoenix also took over Ickles Rolling Mill in 1874.
In 1874, Phoenix entered an agreement with Gilead A Smith & Co. to supply them with 5000 tons of rail. Unfortunately, Gilead A Smith & Co. soon went bust, likely due to the ripple effects of the Panic of 1873. This left Phoenix with more than £14,000 in debt. Later in July 1875, Phoenix went into liquidation but continued to operate with a small profit until October. In November, the company's assets were purchased by Mr Henry Steel for £36,500. Thomas Hampton stayed on as a director, newly joined by Henry Steel and Edward Tozer. Henry Peech also came on board as a director and investor. The new company became known as Steel, Tozer and Hampton Limited.
With the purchase came more investment in the company's production facilities. In 1876 a second melting shop was built, featuring two 2-ton Bessemer converters. This would be supplemented with two larger converters in 1878. A cogging mill and rail mill were added the following year, with material being transferred between them on driven rollers. By 1879 the works could produce up to 2,750 tons of ingots per week, and roll 2,500 tons of rails per week.
Hampton retired at the end of 1882 and the company subsequently changed its name to Steel, Peech and Tozer - a name that would become a giant in steel making.
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