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Stepan Kalinin
Stepan Andrianovich Kalinin (Russian: Степа́н Андриа́нович Кали́нин; 28 December 1890 – 11 September 1975) was a Soviet army commander. He fought in the Imperial Russian Army during World War I before going over to the Bolsheviks during the subsequent civil war. He was promoted to Komkor (corps commander) in 1938.
He was a member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. He was a recipient of the Order of Lenin and the Order of the Red Banner.
He was relieved of duty in 1944, then held in prison without being questioned for six years until his case was reopened in 1950. He was sentenced to 25 years but was freed after the death of Joseph Stalin in 1953 and subsequently rehabilitated.
Kalinin was born on December 15 (27), 1890 in the village of Pankratovskaya, Moscow Governorate to working class parents. From the age of 15 he worked at textile factories in the Bogorodskoye and Yegoryevsky districts of Moscow province.
He joined the Russian Imperial Army in November 1912. He graduated from the training team of the 12th Grenadier Astrakhan Regiment (Moscow) of the 3rd Grenadier Division (Moscow Military District) in 1913, then served in this regiment as a corporal.
With the outbreak of the First World War, he was transferred to the Skopinsky 220th Infantry Regiment of the 55th Infantry Division of the 1st Army of the Northwestern Front. At the end of 1914 he was seriously wounded by an explosive bullet; he returned to the regiment only in the fall of 1915.
In the summer of 1916, on the Western Front, he was seriously wounded for the second time and was also shell-shocked. He was treated in a hospital in Bryansk, at which time he managed to graduate from the Bryansk Men's Gymnasium as an external student. Upon recovery in November 1916, he was enlisted in the 11th Infantry Reserve Regiment in Bryansk. In January 1917 he returned to the 220th Infantry Regiment.
After the February Revolution he was elected a member of the regimental soldiers' committee in March 1917. Along with other soldier delegates from the division in April 1917, he came to Petrograd to meet with Nikolay Chkheidze, Matvey Skobelev, Alexander Kerensky, Nikolai Krylenko, and Vladimir Lenin.
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Stepan Kalinin
Stepan Andrianovich Kalinin (Russian: Степа́н Андриа́нович Кали́нин; 28 December 1890 – 11 September 1975) was a Soviet army commander. He fought in the Imperial Russian Army during World War I before going over to the Bolsheviks during the subsequent civil war. He was promoted to Komkor (corps commander) in 1938.
He was a member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. He was a recipient of the Order of Lenin and the Order of the Red Banner.
He was relieved of duty in 1944, then held in prison without being questioned for six years until his case was reopened in 1950. He was sentenced to 25 years but was freed after the death of Joseph Stalin in 1953 and subsequently rehabilitated.
Kalinin was born on December 15 (27), 1890 in the village of Pankratovskaya, Moscow Governorate to working class parents. From the age of 15 he worked at textile factories in the Bogorodskoye and Yegoryevsky districts of Moscow province.
He joined the Russian Imperial Army in November 1912. He graduated from the training team of the 12th Grenadier Astrakhan Regiment (Moscow) of the 3rd Grenadier Division (Moscow Military District) in 1913, then served in this regiment as a corporal.
With the outbreak of the First World War, he was transferred to the Skopinsky 220th Infantry Regiment of the 55th Infantry Division of the 1st Army of the Northwestern Front. At the end of 1914 he was seriously wounded by an explosive bullet; he returned to the regiment only in the fall of 1915.
In the summer of 1916, on the Western Front, he was seriously wounded for the second time and was also shell-shocked. He was treated in a hospital in Bryansk, at which time he managed to graduate from the Bryansk Men's Gymnasium as an external student. Upon recovery in November 1916, he was enlisted in the 11th Infantry Reserve Regiment in Bryansk. In January 1917 he returned to the 220th Infantry Regiment.
After the February Revolution he was elected a member of the regimental soldiers' committee in March 1917. Along with other soldier delegates from the division in April 1917, he came to Petrograd to meet with Nikolay Chkheidze, Matvey Skobelev, Alexander Kerensky, Nikolai Krylenko, and Vladimir Lenin.