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Subparictidae
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| Subparictidae | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Carnivora |
| Superfamily: | Ursoidea |
| Family: | †Subparictidae Baskin and Tedford, 1996 |
| Genera | |
Subparictidae is an extinct family of early Paleogene arctoid carnivorans endemic to North America that closely related to bears. They were small, raccoon-like mammals that lived from the Eocene to the early Miocene. This family includes a handful of genera such as Subparictis, Parictis, Nothocyon, and Eoarctos.[1]
Characteristics
[edit]Unlike other early caniforms, subparictids had simple molars and surrounding or at least partial cingulums.[1]
Systematics
[edit]Subparictidae was originally described in 1996 to contain the genera Subparictis, Nothocyon, and Parictis. At the time, it was suggested to be a sister-family to Ursidae.[2] Other authors have placed Parictis and Subparictis in the Amphicynodontidae.[3][4][5] A fourth genus, Eoarctos, was described in 2023 and the paper supports a sister grouping of subparictids and ursids.[1]
Below is the phylogeny recovered by Wang et al. (2023):[1]
| Subparictidae |
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Paleobiology
[edit]The subparictids were endemic to North America. Fossils have been found dating from the Chadronian through Whitneyan ages of the northern Great Plains of the United States and southern Canada and the Arikareean of Oregon. Early members competed with the earliest canids, and are often found on the periphery in sites where with canid fossils. Over time, the genera Eoarctos and Nothocyon evolved increasingly robust teeth adapted for durophagy. Based on the complete anatomical remains of Eoarctos, the subparictids would have occupied an ecological niche similar to procyonids and wolverines.[1]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e Wang, Xiaoming; Emry, Robert J.; Boyd, Clint A.; Person, Jeff J.; White, Stuart C.; Tedford, Richard H. (2022). "An exquisitely preserved skeleton of Eoarctos vorax (Nov. Gen. Et sp.) from Fitterer Ranch, North Dakota (Early Oligocene) and systematics and phylogeny of North American early arctoids (Carnivora, Caniformia)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 42: 1–123. Bibcode:2022JVPal..42S...1W. doi:10.1080/02724634.2022.2145900. S2CID 259025727.
- ^ Baskin, J. A.; Tedford, R. H. (1996). Small arctoid and feliform carnivorans. pp. 486–497. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511665431.025. ISBN 9780521433877.
{{cite book}}:|journal=ignored (help) - ^ McKenna, M.C.; Bell, S. (1997). Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level. Columbia University Press, New York.
- ^ Rybczynski, N.; Dawson, M.R.; Tedford, R.H. (2009). "A semi-aquatic Arctic mammalian carnivore from the Miocene epoch and origin of Pinnipedia". Nature. 458 (7241): 1021–24. Bibcode:2009Natur.458.1021R. doi:10.1038/nature07985. PMID 19396145. S2CID 4371413.
- ^ Berta, A.; Morgan, C.; Boessenecker, R.W. (2018). "The Origin and Evolutionary Biology of Pinnipeds: Seals, Sea Lions, and Walruses". Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences. 46: 203–228. Bibcode:2018AREPS..46..203B. doi:10.1146/annurev-earth-082517-010009. S2CID 135439365.